Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-trigged immunity (PTI) is the first defensive line of plant innate immunity and is mediated by pattern recognition receptors. Here, we show that a mutation in BR-SIGNALING KINASE1 (BSK1), a substrate of the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1, suppressed the powdery mildew resistance caused by a mutation in ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE2, which negatively regulates powdery mildew resistance and programmed cell death, in Arabidopsis thaliana. A loss-of-function bsk1 mutant displayed enhanced susceptibility to virulent and avirulent pathogens, including Golovinomyces cichoracearum, Pseudomonas syringae, and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. The bsk1 mutant also accumulated lower levels of salicylic acid upon infection with G. cichoracearum and P. syringae. BSK1 belongs to a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase family and displays kinase activity in vitro; this kinase activity is required for its function. BSK1 physically associates with the PAMP receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING2 and is required for a subset of flg22-induced responses, including the reactive oxygen burst, but not for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Our data demonstrate that BSK1 is involved in positive regulation of PTI. Together with previous findings, our work indicates that BSK1 represents a key component directly involved in both BR signaling and plant immunity.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
BSK1 mutation suppressed powdery mildew resistance from an ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE2 mutation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- a mutation in BR-SIGNALING KINASE1 (BSK1)e0
- Gene
- BR-SIGNALING KINASE1 (BSK1)e0
- Outcome
- powdery mildew resistancee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- a mutation in ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a mutation in BR-SIGNALING KINASE1 (BSK1), a substrate of the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1, suppressed the powdery mildew resistance caused by a mutation in ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE2”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of BSK1 increased susceptibility to three pathogens.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- bsk1 mutante0
- Treatment
- loss-of-function bsk1 mutante0
- Interactor
- Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Golovinomyces cichoracearume0pathogen - Second interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidise0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A loss-of-function bsk1 mutant displayed enhanced susceptibility to virulent and avirulent pathogens, including Golovinomyces cichoracearum, Pseudomonas syringae, and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The bsk1 mutant accumulated less salicylic acid after infection.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- bsk1 mutante0
- Treatment
- infection with G. cichoracearum and P. syringaee0
- Interactor
- G. cichoracearumGolovinomyces cichoracearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- levels of salicylic acide0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bsk1 mutant also accumulated lower levels of salicylic acid upon infection with G. cichoracearum and P. syringae.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
BSK1 displayed kinase activity in vitro.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- BSK1e0
- Outcome
- kinase activity in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BSK1 belongs to a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase family and displays kinase activity in vitro; this kinase activity is required for its function.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
BSK1 kinase activity was required for its function.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- required for its functione0
- Qualifier
- this kinase activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this kinase activity is required for its function.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
BSK1 physically associates with FLAGELLIN SENSING2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- BSK1e0
- Outcome
- physically associates with the PAMP receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BSK1 physically associates with the PAMP receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING2”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
BSK1 is required for flg22 induced reactive oxygen burst, but not MAP kinase activation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- flg22-induced responsese0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen burste0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is required for a subset of flg22-induced responses, including the reactive oxygen burst, but not for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
BSK1 positively regulates PTI.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- BSK1e0
- Outcome
- positive regulation of PTIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our data demonstrate that BSK1 is involved in positive regulation of PTI.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 147 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.