Abstract
Abstract Suppressiveness of soil amendments with different rates of composted biowaste materials, olive pomace, municipal green wastes, sewage sludge and spent mushroom substrate, was evaluated against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in potting mixtures. Soil amendments were applied at 0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 g kg−1 soil, according to a randomized block design with five replications for each treatment. Sixty days after tomato transplanting, nematode population density on plant roots and in soil and root gall infestation were assessed on each root system, and plant top and root weight were also recorded. Soil pH, dry and organic matter content, total and ammoniacal nitrogen were analyzed at the same time. Olive pomace-based composts resulted in the highest nematode suppression (73–97 %, according to the rate) and significantly reduced gall formation on tomato roots. Olive-waste compost affected positively tomato growth only in combination with sheep wool wastes, but it caused phytotoxicity when mixed with chicken manure and urea. Soil amendments with composted mushroom substrate also provided a consistent nematode suppression and a significant increase of plant growth, whereas composted municipal green wastes were more suppressive and positively affected tomato growth when combined with sewage sludge. Soil chemical parameters were scarcely affected by compost amendments, as organic matter was significantly increased only by the olive pomace-derived composts and nitrogen content only at the highest rate of the five composts. Data from the experiment confirmed the potential of compost amendments for sustainable management of root-knot nematodes both in field and greenhouse container media, though their technical effectiveness and economic convenience are strictly dependent on a correct proportion and local availability of raw materials used in the composting process.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Olive pomace compost gave the highest nematode suppression.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- Olive pomace-based compostse0
- Outcome
- nematode suppressione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 73–97 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Olive pomace-based composts resulted in the highest nematode suppression (73–97 %, according to the rate)”
e1“on tomato in potting mixtures”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive pomace compost significantly reduced tomato root gall formation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Olive pomace-based compostse1
- Outcome
- gall formatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly reduced gall formation on tomato roots.”
e1“Olive pomace-based composts resulted in the highest nematode suppression”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive-waste compost benefited tomato growth only with sheep wool wastes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Olive-waste composte0
- Outcome
- tomato growthe0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Olive-waste compost affected positively tomato growth only in combination with sheep wool wastes”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive-waste compost mixed with chicken manure and urea was phytotoxic.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- mixed with chicken manure and ureae0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it caused phytotoxicity when mixed with chicken manure and urea”
e1“on tomato in potting mixtures”
Claim · model-written summary
Composted mushroom substrate consistently suppressed nematodes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- composted mushroom substratee0
- Outcome
- nematode suppressione0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“composted mushroom substrate also provided a consistent nematode suppression”
e1“on tomato in potting mixtures”
Claim · model-written summary
Composted mushroom substrate significantly increased plant growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- composted mushroom substratee2
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase of plant growth”
e1“on tomato in potting mixtures”
e2“composted mushroom substrate also provided a consistent nematode suppression”
Claim · model-written summary
Municipal green waste compost was more suppressive when combined with sewage sludge.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- composted municipal green wastese0
- Outcome
- suppressivee0
- Direction
- more suppressivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“composted municipal green wastes were more suppressive and positively affected tomato growth when combined with sewage sludge”
Claim · model-written summary
Municipal green waste compost with sewage sludge benefited tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- composted municipal green wastese1
- Outcome
- tomato growthe0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positively affected tomato growth when combined with sewage sludge”
e1“composted municipal green wastes were more suppressive and positively affected tomato growth when combined with sewage sludge”
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