Abstract
Intumescence injury is a physiological disorder characterized by abnormal outgrowth of epidermal and parenchymal cells on the adaxial and/or abaxial surfaces of leaves. The purpose of this study was to examine cultivar differences in the incidence of intumescence injury, the relation between different calcium (Ca) conditions and intumescence injury, and to investigate countermeasures against intumescence injury in tomatoes. We grew tomato plants under different Ca nutrient conditions and treated them under high relative humidity and low ultra-violet light conditions to investigate intumescence injury incidence. The degree of intumescence injury varied among different tomato cultivars under a normal Ca condition with 4.5 me·L−1 of Ca. Intumescence occurred in cultivars that showed no injury incidence under the normal Ca condition when they were grown with a low Ca nutrient solution containing 0.5 or 2.5 me·L−1 of Ca. Intumescence injury incidence decreased in cultivars that showed high incidence under the normal Ca condition when they were grown with a high Ca nutrient solution containing 9.5 or 24.5 me·L−1 of Ca. The differences in the incidence of intumescence among cultivars was marked with different Ca nutrient solution concentrations. There was a negative correlation between the degree of intumescence injury and the Ca content in tomato shoots. Foliar spraying with Ca was found to reduce the incidence of intumescence injury. It was suggested that intumescence injury in tomatoes can be mitigated by using cultivars in which intumescence is less likely to occur, increasing the Ca concentration of shoots by providing more Ca nutrients to the plant, and spraying Ca solution directly on the leaves.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Intumescence injury varied among tomato cultivars under normal calcium nutrition.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- normal Ca condition with 4.5 me·L−1 of Cae0
- Outcome
- degree of intumescence injurye0
- Direction
- variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degree of intumescence injury varied among different tomato cultivars under a normal Ca condition with 4.5 me·L−1 of Ca.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low calcium nutrition caused intumescence in tomato cultivars without injury under normal calcium.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- low Ca nutrient solution containing 0.5 or 2.5 me·L−1 of Cae0
- Outcome
- Intumescence occurrede0
- Comparator
- normal Ca conditione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intumescence occurred in cultivars that showed no injury incidence under the normal Ca condition when they were grown with a low Ca nutrient solution containing 0.5 or 2.5 me·L−1 of Ca.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium nutrition decreased intumescence injury incidence in high-incidence tomato cultivars.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high Ca nutrient solution containing 9.5 or 24.5 me·L−1 of Cae0
- Outcome
- Intumescence injury incidencee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- normal Ca conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intumescence injury incidence decreased in cultivars that showed high incidence under the normal Ca condition when they were grown with a high Ca nutrient solution containing 9.5 or 24.5 me·L−1 of Ca.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar differences in intumescence incidence were marked across calcium concentrations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- incidence of intumescencee0
- Direction
- differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differences in the incidence of intumescence among cultivars was marked with different Ca nutrient solution concentrations.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Intumescence injury degree correlated negatively with calcium content in tomato shoots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Compound
- Cae0
- Outcome
- degree of intumescence injurye0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a negative correlation between the degree of intumescence injury and the Ca content in tomato shoots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium spraying reduced tomato intumescence injury incidence.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with Cae0
- Outcome
- incidence of intumescence injurye0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with Ca was found to reduce the incidence of intumescence injury.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest using cultivars less prone to intumescence to mitigate tomato injury.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- using cultivars in which intumescence is less likely to occure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intumescence injury in tomatoes can be mitigated by using cultivars in which intumescence is less likely to occur”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest increasing shoot calcium through nutrient supply to mitigate tomato injury.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- increasing the Ca concentration of shoots by providing more Ca nutrients to the plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing the Ca concentration of shoots by providing more Ca nutrients to the plant”
e1“intumescence injury in tomatoes can be mitigated”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest spraying calcium solution on leaves to mitigate tomato injury.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- spraying Ca solution directly on the leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying Ca solution directly on the leaves”
e1“intumescence injury in tomatoes can be mitigated”
The same questions in other papers
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1 in the opposite direction
- negative
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- negative
- negative
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See all 8 papers →application · crop injury · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.