Abstract
Trials are reported on the effect of various treatments on the control of eyespot (Cercosporella herpotrichoides[Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides]), lodging, take-all (Ophiobolus graminis[Gaeumannomyces graminis]) and weeds in the 4th, 5th and 6th successive winter wheat crops following a crop heavily infected with eyespot. Sulphuric acid spray at a rate of 100 gal. of 12.5% B.O.V. by vol. per gal. had no effect on straw yields, except in one year when it increased straw yields by an average of 17.6 cwt. per acre over controls. Lodging was markedly decreased by spraying; in 1946 and 1948 control plot and sprayed plot lodging percentages were 90 and 31, and 58 and 3, respectively. Weeds were markedly reduced. The most effective time of spraying was in early spring, before the eyespot pathogen had penetrated the first two leaf sheaths. Ammonium sulfate applied soon after the spring spraying increased both straw yields and the prevalence of eyespot, both factors contributing to significant increases in lodging percentages. The nitrogen applications increased grain yields only when lodging was slight, or absent. In trials to determine the combined effect of seed rates and nitrogen application on the prevalence of take-all, the average percentage of given areas covered by take-all following seed rates of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 bu. per acre, with no nitrogen applied, was 20, 30 and 65% respectively. Where the same seed rates were employed and 4 cwt. of ammonium sulfate applied per acre, take-all percentages were reduced to 2, 5 and 9% respectively. Wheat yields of over 29 bu. per acre were maintained up to the sixth successive crop by optimum treatments of spraying, early nitrogen applications and thin sowing. The importance is stressed of early spring applications of nitrogen on light land where take-all is prevalent.-P.J.B.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphuric acid spray had no effect on wheat straw yield except in one year.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Sulphuric acid spray at a rate of 100 gal. of 12.5% B.O.V. by vol. per gal.e0
- Outcome
- straw yieldse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulphuric acid spray at a rate of 100 gal. of 12.5% B.O.V. by vol. per gal. had no effect on straw yields”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In one year, the sulphuric acid spray increased wheat straw yields by an average of 17.6 cwt. per acre over controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sulphuric acid spraye1
- Outcome
- straw yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.6 cwt. per acree0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in one year when it increased straw yields by an average of 17.6 cwt. per acre over controls”
e1“Sulphuric acid spray at a rate of 100 gal. of 12.5% B.O.V. by vol. per gal.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying markedly decreased wheat lodging; in 1946 control and sprayed plots had 90% and 31% lodging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sprayinge0
- Outcome
- lodging percentagese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 31e0
- Qualifier
- in 1946e0
- Comparator
- control plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lodging was markedly decreased by spraying; in 1946 and 1948 control plot and sprayed plot lodging percentages were 90 and 31, and 58 and 3, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying markedly decreased wheat lodging; in 1948 control and sprayed plots had 58% and 3% lodging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sprayinge0
- Outcome
- lodging percentagese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 3e0
- Qualifier
- 1948e0
- Comparator
- control plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lodging was markedly decreased by spraying; in 1946 and 1948 control plot and sprayed plot lodging percentages were 90 and 31, and 58 and 3, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying markedly reduced weeds in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sprayinge1
- Interactor
- Weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weeds were markedly reduced”
e1“by spraying”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Early spring was the most effective spray timing, before the eyespot pathogen penetrated the first two leaf sheaths.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sprayinge0
- Interactor
- eyespot pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- most effective time of sprayinge0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Qualifier
- in early spring, before the eyespot pathogen had penetrated the first two leaf sheathse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective time of spraying was in early spring, before the eyespot pathogen had penetrated the first two leaf sheaths”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate after spring spraying increased wheat straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfate applied soon after the spring sprayinge0
- Outcome
- straw yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulfate applied soon after the spring spraying increased both straw yields and the prevalence of eyespot”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate after spring spraying increased eyespot prevalence in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfate applied soon after the spring sprayinge0
- Interactor
- eyespote0pathogen
- Outcome
- prevalence of eyespote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulfate applied soon after the spring spraying increased both straw yields and the prevalence of eyespot”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher straw yield and eyespot prevalence with ammonium sulfate significantly increased wheat lodging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfate applied soon after the spring sprayinge0
- Interactor
- eyespote0pathogen
- Outcome
- lodging percentagese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- both factors contributinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulfate applied soon after the spring spraying increased both straw yields and the prevalence of eyespot, both factors contributing to significant increases in lodging percentages”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased wheat grain yield only when lodging was slight or absent.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicationse0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- only when lodging was slight, or absente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nitrogen applications increased grain yields only when lodging was slight, or absent”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Without nitrogen, take-all area rose with wheat seed rate: 20, 30, and 65% at 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 bu. per acre.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seed rates of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 bu. per acree0
- Interactor
- take-alle0pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of given areas covered by take-alle0
- Value
- 20, 30 and 65%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average percentage of given areas covered by take-all following seed rates of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 bu. per acre, with no nitrogen applied, was 20, 30 and 65% respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
With 4 cwt. ammonium sulfate per acre, take-all percentages at the same wheat seed rates fell to 2, 5, and 9%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 4 cwt. of ammonium sulfate applied per acree0
- Interactor
- take-alle0pathogen
- Outcome
- take-all percentagese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2, 5 and 9%e0
- Comparator
- same seed ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Where the same seed rates were employed and 4 cwt. of ammonium sulfate applied per acre, take-all percentages were reduced to 2, 5 and 9% respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum spraying, early nitrogen, and thin sowing maintained wheat yield above 29 bu. per acre through the sixth successive crop.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- spraying, early nitrogen applications and thin sowinge0
- Outcome
- Wheat yieldse0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Value
- over 29 bu. per acree0
- Qualifier
- up to the sixth successive crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat yields of over 29 bu. per acre were maintained up to the sixth successive crop by optimum treatments of spraying, early nitrogen applications and thin sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors stress early spring nitrogen application on light land where take-all is prevalent.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- take-alle0pathogen
- Outcome
- early spring applications of nitrogen on light land where take-all is prevalente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The importance is stressed of early spring applications of nitrogen on light land where take-all is prevalent”
t0“wheat”
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