Abstract
The impact of ozone on crops was more studied in C (3) than in C (4) species. In C (3) plants, ozone is known to induce a photosynthesis impairment that can result in significant depressions in biomass and crop yields. To investigate the impact of O (3) on C (4) plant species, maize seedlings ( ZEA MAYS L. cv. Chambord) were exposed to 5 atmospheres in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF, 48 nL L (-1) O (3)) and NF supplied with 20 (+ 20), 40 (+ 40), 60 (+ 60), and 80 (+ 80) nL L (-1) ozone. An unchambered plot was also available. Leaf area, vegetative biomass, and leaf dry mass per unit leaf area (LMA) were evaluated 33 days after seedling emergence in OTCs. At the same time, photosynthetic pigments as well as carboxylase (PEPc and Rubisco) activities and amounts were also examined in the 5th leaf. Ozone enhanced visible symptoms characterizing foliar senescence. Across NF, + 20, + 40, and + 60 atmospheres, both chlorophylls and carotenoids were found to be linearly decreased against increasing AOT40 ( CA. - 50 % in + 60). No supplementary decrease was observed between + 60 and + 80. Total above-ground biomass was reduced by 26 % in + 80 atmosphere; leaf dry matter being more depressed by ozone than leaf area. In some cases, LMA index was consistent to reflect low negative effects caused by a moderate increase in ozone concentration. PEPc and Rubisco were less sensitive to ozone than pigments: only the two highest external ozone doses reduced their activities by about 20 - 30 %. These changes might be connected to losses in PEPc and Rubisco proteins that were decreased by about one-third. The underlying mechanisms for these results were discussed with special reference to C (3) species. To conclude, we showed that both light and dark reactions of C (4) photosynthesis can be impaired by realistic ozone doses.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone enhanced visible symptoms of foliar senescence in maize compared with non-filtered air.
- Treatment
- Ozonee3
- Outcome
- visible symptoms characterizing foliar senescencee3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Comparator
- non-filtered aire1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maize seedlings ( ZEA MAYS L. cv. Chambord) were exposed to 5 atmospheres in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF, 48 nL L (-1) O (3))”
e3“Ozone enhanced visible symptoms characterizing foliar senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophylls and carotenoids in maize decreased linearly with increasing ozone exposure relative to NF, by about 50% at +60 atmospheres.
- Treatment
- ozonee2
- Outcome
- chlorophylls and carotenoidse4
- Direction
- linearly decreasede4
- Value
- CA. - 50 %e4
- Comparator
- NFe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maize seedlings ( ZEA MAYS L. cv. Chambord) were exposed to 5 atmospheres in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF, 48 nL L (-1) O (3))”
e2“NF supplied with 20 (+ 20), 40 (+ 40), 60 (+ 60), and 80 (+ 80) nL L (-1) ozone”
e4“Across NF, + 20, + 40, and + 60 atmospheres, both chlorophylls and carotenoids were found to be linearly decreased against increasing AOT40 ( CA. - 50 % in + 60)”
Claim · model-written summary
No further decrease in chlorophylls and carotenoids in maize was observed between +60 and +80 atmospheres.
- Treatment
- ozonee2
- Outcome
- chlorophylls and carotenoidse4
- Direction
- No supplementary decreasee5
- Comparator
- + 60e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maize seedlings ( ZEA MAYS L. cv. Chambord) were exposed to 5 atmospheres in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF, 48 nL L (-1) O (3))”
e2“NF supplied with 20 (+ 20), 40 (+ 40), 60 (+ 60), and 80 (+ 80) nL L (-1) ozone”
e4“Across NF, + 20, + 40, and + 60 atmospheres, both chlorophylls and carotenoids were found to be linearly decreased against increasing AOT40 ( CA. - 50 % in + 60)”
e5“No supplementary decrease was observed between + 60 and + 80”
Claim · model-written summary
Total above-ground biomass of maize was reduced by 26% at +80 atmospheres.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maize seedlings ( ZEA MAYS L. cv. Chambord) were exposed to 5 atmospheres in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF, 48 nL L (-1) O (3))”
e6“Total above-ground biomass was reduced by 26 % in + 80 atmosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf dry matter of maize was more depressed by ozone than leaf area.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maize seedlings ( ZEA MAYS L. cv. Chambord) were exposed to 5 atmospheres in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF, 48 nL L (-1) O (3))”
e2“NF supplied with 20 (+ 20), 40 (+ 40), 60 (+ 60), and 80 (+ 80) nL L (-1) ozone”
e7“leaf dry matter being more depressed by ozone than leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
The LMA index in maize reflected low negative effects of a moderate ozone increase in some cases.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maize seedlings ( ZEA MAYS L. cv. Chambord) were exposed to 5 atmospheres in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF, 48 nL L (-1) O (3))”
e2“In some cases, LMA index was consistent to reflect low negative effects caused by a moderate increase in ozone concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
PEPc and Rubisco activities in maize were less sensitive to ozone than pigments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maize seedlings ( ZEA MAYS L. cv. Chambord) were exposed to 5 atmospheres in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF, 48 nL L (-1) O (3))”
e2“PEPc and Rubisco were less sensitive to ozone than pigments: only the two highest external ozone doses reduced their activities by about 20 - 30 %”
Claim · model-written summary
The two highest external ozone doses reduced PEPc and Rubisco activities in maize by about 20 - 30%.
- Treatment
- the two highest external ozone dosese2
- Outcome
- activitiese2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 20 - 30 %e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maize seedlings ( ZEA MAYS L. cv. Chambord) were exposed to 5 atmospheres in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF, 48 nL L (-1) O (3))”
e2“PEPc and Rubisco were less sensitive to ozone than pigments: only the two highest external ozone doses reduced their activities by about 20 - 30 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Losses in PEPc and Rubisco proteins might be connected to the reduced carboxylase activities in maize under ozone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maize seedlings ( ZEA MAYS L. cv. Chambord) were exposed to 5 atmospheres in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF, 48 nL L (-1) O (3))”
e2“PEPc and Rubisco were less sensitive to ozone than pigments: only the two highest external ozone doses reduced their activities by about 20 - 30 %”
e3“These changes might be connected to losses in PEPc and Rubisco proteins that were decreased by about one-third”
Claim · model-written summary
PEPc and Rubisco protein losses in maize were about one-third.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maize seedlings ( ZEA MAYS L. cv. Chambord) were exposed to 5 atmospheres in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF, 48 nL L (-1) O (3))”
e3“These changes might be connected to losses in PEPc and Rubisco proteins that were decreased by about one-third”
Claim · model-written summary
Realistic ozone doses can impair both light and dark reactions of C4 photosynthesis in maize.
- Treatment
- realistic ozone dosese2
- Outcome
- light and dark reactions of C (4) photosynthesise2
- Direction
- impairede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maize seedlings ( ZEA MAYS L. cv. Chambord) were exposed to 5 atmospheres in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF, 48 nL L (-1) O (3))”
e2“both light and dark reactions of C (4) photosynthesis can be impaired by realistic ozone doses”
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