Abstract
Abstract Young wheat (C3) and maize (C4) plants were exposed to near-ambient concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers in order to investigate the possible effects of ozone on nitrogen metabolism. Nitrogen was supplied to the plants by adding (15)N-labelled tracer substances via the soil substrate. Enzyme activities (NADH nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and NADH glutamate dehydrogenase) and the incorporation of (15)N were determined. The findings show that nitrogen metabolism was affected by O(3), however, there were distinct differences between the two species. In plants treated with O(3), NADH nitrate reductase activity in maize leaves was reduced, while NR activity in wheat leaves only slightly declined. Only minor changes were observed with respect to the activities of nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and NADH glutamate dehydrogenase. Feeding experiments using (15)NO(3) (-) showed that the incorporation of nitrate nitrogen in wheat plants exposed to ozone remains virtually unchanged, whereas in maize plants reduced incorporation rates were observed for nitrate nitrogen. The incorporation of ammonium nitrogen was distinctly increased in wheat and maize by the impact of ozone. When investigating pigment contents, reduced levels of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids were observed, whereas the pigment content of wheat leaves remained unchanged. These results indicate that young maize plants are more susceptible than wheat plants to short-term ozone exposure.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced NADH nitrate reductase activity in maize leaves.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In plants treated with O(3), NADH nitrate reductase activity in maize leaves was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone caused only a slight decline in nitrate reductase activity in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- O(3)e0
- Outcome
- NR activitye0
- Direction
- slightly declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In plants treated with O(3), NADH nitrate reductase activity in maize leaves was reduced, while NR activity in wheat leaves only slightly declined”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone produced only minor changes in nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and NADH glutamate dehydrogenase activities in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- ozonee1
- Outcome
- activities of nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and NADH glutamate dehydrogenasee0
- Qualifier
- Only minor changese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only minor changes were observed with respect to the activities of nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and NADH glutamate dehydrogenase”
e1“Young wheat (C3) and maize (C4) plants were exposed to near-ambient concentrations of ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone produced only minor changes in nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and NADH glutamate dehydrogenase activities in maize.
- Treatment
- ozonee1
- Outcome
- activities of nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and NADH glutamate dehydrogenasee0
- Qualifier
- Only minor changese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only minor changes were observed with respect to the activities of nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and NADH glutamate dehydrogenase”
e1“Young wheat (C3) and maize (C4) plants were exposed to near-ambient concentrations of ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate nitrogen incorporation remained virtually unchanged in ozone-exposed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- incorporation of nitrate nitrogene0
- Direction
- virtually unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the incorporation of nitrate nitrogen in wheat plants exposed to ozone remains virtually unchanged”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced nitrate nitrogen incorporation rates in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas in maize plants reduced incorporation rates were observed for nitrate nitrogen”
e1“wheat plants exposed to ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone distinctly increased ammonium nitrogen incorporation in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- incorporation of ammonium nitrogene0
- Direction
- distinctly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incorporation of ammonium nitrogen was distinctly increased in wheat and maize by the impact of ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone distinctly increased ammonium nitrogen incorporation in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incorporation of ammonium nitrogen was distinctly increased in wheat and maize by the impact of ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid levels in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced levels of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids were observed, whereas the pigment content of wheat leaves remained unchanged”
e1“young maize plants are more susceptible than wheat plants to short-term ozone exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat leaf pigment content remained unchanged under ozone exposure.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- ozonee1
- Outcome
- pigment contente0
- Direction
- remained unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pigment content of wheat leaves remained unchanged”
e1“young maize plants are more susceptible than wheat plants to short-term ozone exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Young maize plants were more susceptible than wheat plants to short-term ozone exposure.
- Treatment
- short-term ozone exposuree0
- Outcome
- more susceptiblee0
- Direction
- more susceptiblee0
- Comparator
- wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young maize plants are more susceptible than wheat plants to short-term ozone exposure”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.