Abstract
ABSTRACT Seeds of the aromatic plant fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) were sown in sandy soil with 0 or 2.5 kg m−2 of organic fertilizer (OF); chicken manure, cattle manure or plant compost. Plants were irrigated two, three, four, five or six times at 21-day intervals commencing 21 days after sowing and continuing until harvest. Increasing the number of irrigations and application of organic fertilizers significantly delayed harvesting. Water stress imposed by restricting the number of irrigations significantly decreased plant height, branch number, and fruit and oil yield, whereas it increased the percentage volatile oils. All organic fertilizers increased plant growth and yield parameters. With or without organic fertilization, the increase in fruit yield with irrigation outweighed the decrease in volatile oil percentage, so volatile oil yield increased with irrigation. However, there was no significant difference in volatile oil yield between five and six times irrigated plants under any type of fertilization. By increasing both fruit yield and volatile oil percentage, organic fertilizers considerably increased oil yield. Chicken manure fertilized plants irrigated five or six times gave the highest volatile oil yields of 2.08 and 2.09 ml plant−1, respectively, followed by cattle manure fertilized plants irrigated five times (1.98 ml plant−1).
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation delayed fennel harvest.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=60)
Anethum foeniculume1 - Treatment
- Increasing the number of irrigationse0
- Outcome
- harvestinge0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Parc_Natural_de_s'Albufera%2C_Spain_2022-04-18_(02).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the number of irrigations and application of organic fertilizers significantly delayed harvesting.”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer application delayed fennel harvest.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- application of organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- harvestinge0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the number of irrigations and application of organic fertilizers significantly delayed harvesting.”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted irrigation decreased fennel height and branch number.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- restricting the number of irrigationse0
- Outcome
- plant height, branch numbere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress imposed by restricting the number of irrigations significantly decreased plant height, branch number, and fruit and oil yield, whereas it increased the percentage volatile oils.”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted irrigation decreased fennel fruit yield.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- restricting the number of irrigationse0
- Outcome
- fruite0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress imposed by restricting the number of irrigations significantly decreased plant height, branch number, and fruit and oil yield, whereas it increased the percentage volatile oils.”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted irrigation decreased fennel oil yield.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- restricting the number of irrigationse0
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress imposed by restricting the number of irrigations significantly decreased plant height, branch number, and fruit and oil yield, whereas it increased the percentage volatile oils.”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted irrigation increased fennel volatile oil percentage.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- restricting the number of irrigationse0
- Outcome
- percentage volatile oilse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water stress imposed by restricting the number of irrigations significantly decreased plant height, branch number, and fruit and oil yield, whereas it increased the percentage volatile oils.”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers increased fennel growth and yield parameters.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- All organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- plant growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All organic fertilizers increased plant growth and yield parameters.”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation increased fennel fruit yield.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in fruit yield with irrigation outweighed the decrease in volatile oil percentage”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation decreased fennel volatile oil percentage.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- volatile oil percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in fruit yield with irrigation outweighed the decrease in volatile oil percentage”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
More irrigation increased fennel volatile oil yield.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- volatile oil yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“volatile oil yield increased with irrigation.”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fennel volatile oil yield did not differ significantly between five and six irrigations.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- fivee0
- Outcome
- volatile oil yielde0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- six times irrigated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant difference in volatile oil yield between five and six times irrigated plants under any type of fertilization.”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased fennel fruit yield and volatile oil percentage.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- fruit yield and volatile oil percentagee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By increasing both fruit yield and volatile oil percentage, organic fertilizers considerably increased oil yield.”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer considerably increased fennel oil yield.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic fertilizers considerably increased oil yield.”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure and five irrigations yielded 2.08 ml plant−1 volatile oil.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- Chicken manuree0
- Outcome
- volatile oil yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.08e0
- Qualifier
- irrigated fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chicken manure fertilized plants irrigated five or six times gave the highest volatile oil yields of 2.08 and 2.09 ml plant−1, respectively”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chicken manure and six irrigations yielded 2.09 ml plant−1 volatile oil.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- Chicken manuree0
- Outcome
- volatile oil yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.09 ml plant−1e0
- Qualifier
- six timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chicken manure fertilized plants irrigated five or six times gave the highest volatile oil yields of 2.08 and 2.09 ml plant−1, respectively”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure and five irrigations yielded 1.98 ml plant−1 volatile oil.
- Taxon
- fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)Anethum foeniculume1
- Treatment
- cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- volatile oil yielde2
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 1.98 ml plant−1e0
- Qualifier
- irrigated five timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by cattle manure fertilized plants irrigated five times (1.98 ml plant−1).”
e1“fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)”
e2“volatile oil yield increased with irrigation.”
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See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.