Abstract
Abstract Many studies have demonstrated that double cropping wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] allows for greater utilization of natural resources by intensifying cropping practices. A 3‐yr study was conducted on a Captina silt loam (finesilty, mixed, mesic, typic Fragiudult) to determine the water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat and to determine the effects of selected management practices on WUE of double‐cropped soybeans. The 3‐yr mean grain yield of wheat was 3170 kg ha −1 and the mean cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) after 1 April was 32.8 cm. This translated into an average WUE of 96.6 kg ha −1 cm −1 of water. Shortly after wheat harvest, the effect of irrigation, planting date, and stubble management on soybean water use and yield were determined. Irrigation significantly increased soybean grain yield in 2 of 3 yr. The 3‐yr yield mean was 2406 and 1704 kg ha −1 for irrigated and non‐irrigated soybean, respectively. When irrigation significantly increased grain yield, irrigated soybean had a highet WUE than non‐irrigated soybean. Planting date had a significant effect on soybean yield and WUE in only 1 of 3 yr and only when planting date was confounded with row‐spacing. Burning of wheat stubble produced significantly higher soybean yields only when herbicide interference by standing wheat stubble was observed. Stubble management had no effect on soybean ET or WUE. The 3‐yr mean WUE for the double cropped wheat and soybean system was 79.3 kg ha −1 cm −1 of water.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Mean wheat grain yield over three years was 3170 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- Wheat and Soybean
Glycine max
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- grain yield of wheate0
- Value
- 3170 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 3‐yr mean grain yield of wheat was 3170 kg ha −1 and the mean cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) after 1 April was 32.8 cm.”
t0“Wheat and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean wheat cumulative evapotranspiration after 1 April was 32.8 cm.
- Taxon
- Wheat and SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- cumulative evapotranspiration (ET)e0
- Value
- 32.8 cme0
- Qualifier
- after 1 Aprile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 3‐yr mean grain yield of wheat was 3170 kg ha −1 and the mean cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) after 1 April was 32.8 cm.”
t0“Wheat and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean wheat water use efficiency was 96.6 kg ha −1 cm −1 of water.
- Taxon
- Wheat and SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Value
- 96.6 kg ha −1 cm −1 of watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This translated into an average WUE of 96.6 kg ha −1 cm −1 of water.”
t0“Wheat and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation significantly increased soybean grain yield in two of three years.
- Taxon
- Wheat and SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- soybean grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2 of 3 yre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation significantly increased soybean grain yield in 2 of 3 yr.”
t0“Wheat and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean soybean grain yield was 2406 kg ha −1 with irrigation and 1704 kg ha −1 without irrigation.
- Taxon
- Wheat and SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- irrigatede0
- Outcome
- yield meane0
- Value
- 2406 and 1704 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- non‐irrigated soybeane0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 3‐yr yield mean was 2406 and 1704 kg ha −1 for irrigated and non‐irrigated soybean, respectively.”
t0“Wheat and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated soybean had higher water use efficiency than non-irrigated soybean in years when yield increased significantly.
- Taxon
- Wheat and SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- irrigated soybeane0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- highete0
- Qualifier
- When irrigation significantly increased grain yielde0
- Comparator
- non‐irrigated soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When irrigation significantly increased grain yield, irrigated soybean had a highet WUE than non‐irrigated soybean.”
t0“Wheat and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting date significantly affected soybean yield in one of three years only when confounded with row spacing.
- Taxon
- Wheat and SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Planting datee0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Qualifier
- only 1 of 3 yr and only when planting date was confounded with row‐spacinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting date had a significant effect on soybean yield and WUE in only 1 of 3 yr and only when planting date was confounded with row‐spacing.”
t0“Wheat and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting date significantly affected soybean water use efficiency in one of three years only when confounded with row spacing.
- Taxon
- Wheat and SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Planting datee0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Qualifier
- only 1 of 3 yr and only when planting date was confounded with row‐spacinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting date had a significant effect on soybean yield and WUE in only 1 of 3 yr and only when planting date was confounded with row‐spacing.”
t0“Wheat and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Burning wheat stubble increased soybean yield significantly only when standing stubble interfered with herbicide.
- Taxon
- Wheat and SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Burning of wheat stubblee0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- only when herbicide interference by standing wheat stubble was observede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Burning of wheat stubble produced significantly higher soybean yields only when herbicide interference by standing wheat stubble was observed.”
t0“Wheat and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Stubble management had no effect on soybean evapotranspiration.
- Taxon
- Wheat and SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Stubble managemente0
- Outcome
- soybean ETe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stubble management had no effect on soybean ET or WUE.”
t0“Wheat and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Stubble management had no effect on soybean water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Wheat and SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Stubble managemente0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stubble management had no effect on soybean ET or WUE.”
t0“Wheat and Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean water use efficiency of the double-cropped system was 79.3 kg ha −1 cm −1 of water.
- Taxon
- Wheat and SoybeanGlycine maxTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Value
- 79.3 kg ha −1 cm −1 of watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 3‐yr mean WUE for the double cropped wheat and soybean system was 79.3 kg ha −1 cm −1 of water.”
t0“Wheat and Soybean”
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