Abstract
The cell elongation-promoting activities of brassinolide (BR) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) in the lamina-inclination test using etiolated rice seedlings were compared at a low temperature. IAA promoted the lamina joint-cell elongation at 30°G, but the effect was markedly lowered with decreasing temperature and reached null at 15°C. On the other hand, BR and castasterone (CAS), a brassinosteroid, promoted this cell elongation even at 15°G. Homobrassinolide (HBR), a brassinosteroid, also promoted this cell elongation, although the activity was weak. The combination of BR and IAA synergistically promoted this cell elongation at a low temperature (15°G). Immersion of the dry seeds in 2 X 10-8 M BR for the first 24 h promoted the early growth of rice seedlings. This treatment also enhanced the germination rate and the growth after direct sowing in submerged paddy pots in a greenhouse or phytotron at a low temperature (15°C). Leaf spraying of BR on the rice seedlings at the 4th leaf stage increased plant height and the fresh weights of tops and roots even at a low temperature. BR sprayed on the completely expanded 4th leaves did not increase their blade length, but that sprayed on the expanding 5th and 6th leaves strikingly increased their blade length, and the effect tended to be stronger at a low temperature. These results suggest that BR promotes cell elongation in young rice seedlings under low-temperature stress, although IAA had no such effect, and that BR may promote germination and the early growth of rice seedlings at a low temperature in direct sowing in the submerged paddy field and in the rice nursery.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
IAA promoted rice lamina joint-cell elongation at 30°G.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- lamina joint-cell elongatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- 30°Ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IAA promoted the lamina joint-cell elongation at 30°G”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA promotion of lamina joint-cell elongation declined with temperature and was null at 15°C.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- IAAe1
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- markedly lowerede0
- Qualifier
- 15°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect was markedly lowered with decreasing temperature and reached null at 15°C”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“IAA promoted the lamina joint-cell elongation at 30°G”
Claim · model-written summary
BR promoted rice lamina joint-cell elongation even at 15°G.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BRe0
- Outcome
- cell elongatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- 15°Ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR and castasterone (CAS), a brassinosteroid, promoted this cell elongation even at 15°G”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Castasterone promoted rice lamina joint-cell elongation even at 15°G.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- castasterone (CAS)e0
- Outcome
- cell elongatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- 15°Ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR and castasterone (CAS), a brassinosteroid, promoted this cell elongation even at 15°G”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Homobrassinolide weakly promoted rice lamina joint-cell elongation.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Homobrassinolide (HBR)e0
- Outcome
- cell elongatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- the activity was weake0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Homobrassinolide (HBR), a brassinosteroid, also promoted this cell elongation, although the activity was weak”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined BR and IAA synergistically promoted rice lamina joint-cell elongation at 15°G.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combination of BR and IAAe0
- Outcome
- cell elongatione0
- Direction
- synergistically promotede0
- Qualifier
- 15°Ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of BR and IAA synergistically promoted this cell elongation at a low temperature (15°G)”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Immersing dry rice seeds in BR promoted early seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Immersion of the dry seeds in 2 X 10-8 M BR for the first 24 he0
- Outcome
- early growth of rice seedlingse0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immersion of the dry seeds in 2 X 10-8 M BR for the first 24 h promoted the early growth of rice seedlings”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
BR seed immersion enhanced rice germination under low temperature after direct sowing.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- This treatmente0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- a low temperature (15°C)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also enhanced the germination rate and the growth after direct sowing in submerged paddy pots in a greenhouse or phytotron at a low temperature (15°C)”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
BR seed immersion enhanced rice growth under low temperature after direct sowing.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- This treatmente0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- a low temperature (15°C)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment also enhanced the germination rate and the growth after direct sowing in submerged paddy pots in a greenhouse or phytotron at a low temperature (15°C)”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
BR spraying at the fourth leaf stage increased rice height at low temperature.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 4th leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- Leaf spraying of BRe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf spraying of BR on the rice seedlings at the 4th leaf stage increased plant height and the fresh weights of tops and roots even at a low temperature”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
BR spraying at the fourth leaf stage increased fresh weights of rice tops and roots at low temperature.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- 4th leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- Leaf spraying of BRe0
- Outcome
- fresh weights of tops and rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf spraying of BR on the rice seedlings at the 4th leaf stage increased plant height and the fresh weights of tops and roots even at a low temperature”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
BR sprayed on expanded fourth leaves did not increase rice blade length.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- completely expanded 4th leavese0
- Treatment
- BR sprayed on the completely expanded 4th leavese0
- Outcome
- blade lengthe0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR sprayed on the completely expanded 4th leaves did not increase their blade length”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
BR sprayed on expanding fifth and sixth leaves strikingly increased rice blade length.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- expanding 5th and 6th leavese0
- Treatment
- sprayed on the expanding 5th and 6th leavese0
- Outcome
- blade lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that sprayed on the expanding 5th and 6th leaves strikingly increased their blade length”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The BR effect on expanding rice leaf blade length tended to be stronger at low temperature.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BRe1
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Qualifier
- a low temperaturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect tended to be stronger at a low temperature”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“BR and castasterone (CAS), a brassinosteroid, promoted this cell elongation even at 15°G”
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