Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) are two predominant hormones regulating plant cell elongation. A defect in either of these leads to reduced plant growth and dwarfism. However, their relationship remains unknown in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we demonstrated that BR regulates cell elongation by modulating GA metabolism in rice. Under physiological conditions, BR promotes GA accumulation by regulating the expression of GA metabolic genes to stimulate cell elongation. BR greatly induces the expression of D18/GA3ox-2, one of the GA biosynthetic genes, leading to increased GA1 levels, the bioactive GA in rice seedlings. Consequently, both d18 and loss-of-function GA-signaling mutants have decreased BR sensitivity. When excessive active BR is applied, the hormone mostly induces GA inactivation through upregulation of the GA inactivation gene GA2ox-3 and also represses BR biosynthesis, resulting in decreased hormone levels and growth inhibition. As a feedback mechanism, GA extensively inhibits BR biosynthesis and the BR response. GA treatment decreases the enlarged leaf angles in plants with enhanced BR biosynthesis or signaling. Our results revealed a previously unknown mechanism underlying BR and GA crosstalk depending on tissues and hormone levels, which greatly advances our understanding of hormone actions in crop plants and appears much different from that in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
BR promotes GA accumulation under physiological conditions.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- BRe0
- Compound
- GAe0
- Outcome
- GA accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- Under physiological conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under physiological conditions, BR promotes GA accumulation by regulating the expression of GA metabolic genes to stimulate cell elongation.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BR regulates GA metabolic gene expression to stimulate cell elongation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BRe0
- Gene
- GA metabolic genese0
- Outcome
- cell elongatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under physiological conditions, BR promotes GA accumulation by regulating the expression of GA metabolic genes to stimulate cell elongation.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BR induces D18/GA3ox-2 expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- BRe0
- Gene
- D18/GA3ox-2e0
- Outcome
- expression of D18/GA3ox-2e0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR greatly induces the expression of D18/GA3ox-2, one of the GA biosynthetic genes, leading to increased GA1 levels, the bioactive GA in rice seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
BR increases GA1 levels in rice seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR greatly induces the expression of D18/GA3ox-2, one of the GA biosynthetic genes, leading to increased GA1 levels, the bioactive GA in rice seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
d18 mutants have decreased BR sensitivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- d18e0
- Outcome
- BR sensitivitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Consequently, both d18 and loss-of-function GA-signaling mutants have decreased BR sensitivity.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss-of-function GA-signaling mutants have decreased BR sensitivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- loss-of-function GA-signaling mutantse0
- Outcome
- BR sensitivitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Consequently, both d18 and loss-of-function GA-signaling mutants have decreased BR sensitivity.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive active BR induces GA inactivation via GA2ox-3 upregulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- excessive active BRe0
- Gene
- GA2ox-3e0
- Outcome
- GA inactivatione0
- Direction
- inducese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When excessive active BR is applied, the hormone mostly induces GA inactivation through upregulation of the GA inactivation gene GA2ox-3 and also represses BR biosynthesis, resulting in decreased hormone levels and growth inhibition.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive active BR represses BR biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- excessive active BRe0
- Outcome
- BR biosynthesise0
- Direction
- repressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When excessive active BR is applied, the hormone mostly induces GA inactivation through upregulation of the GA inactivation gene GA2ox-3 and also represses BR biosynthesis, resulting in decreased hormone levels and growth inhibition.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive active BR reduces hormone levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- excessive active BRe0
- Outcome
- hormone levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When excessive active BR is applied, the hormone mostly induces GA inactivation through upregulation of the GA inactivation gene GA2ox-3 and also represses BR biosynthesis, resulting in decreased hormone levels and growth inhibition.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive active BR inhibits growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- excessive active BRe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When excessive active BR is applied, the hormone mostly induces GA inactivation through upregulation of the GA inactivation gene GA2ox-3 and also represses BR biosynthesis, resulting in decreased hormone levels and growth inhibition.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GA inhibits BR biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- BR biosynthesise0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As a feedback mechanism, GA extensively inhibits BR biosynthesis and the BR response.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GA inhibits the BR response.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- BR responsee0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As a feedback mechanism, GA extensively inhibits BR biosynthesis and the BR response.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GA treatment decreases enlarged leaf angles in plants with enhanced BR biosynthesis or signaling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GA treatmente0
- Outcome
- enlarged leaf anglese0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- enhanced BR biosynthesis or signalinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA treatment decreases the enlarged leaf angles in plants with enhanced BR biosynthesis or signaling.”
t0“Rice”
The same questions in other papers
brassinolide · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →brassinolide · physiology: hormones · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
brassinolide · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →brassinolide · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.