Abstract
Abstract Climate change is causing problems for agriculture, but the effect of combined abiotic stresses on crop nutritional quality is not clear. Here we studied the effect of 10 combinations of climatic conditions (temperature, CO 2 , O 3 and drought) under controlled growth chamber conditions on the grain yield, protein, and mineral content of 3 wheat varieties. Results show that wheat plants under O 3 exposure alone concentrated + 15 to + 31% more grain N, Fe, Mg, Mn P and Zn, reduced K by − 5%, and C did not change. Ozone in the presence of elevated CO 2 and higher temperature enhanced the content of Fe, Mn, P and Zn by 2–18%. Water-limited chronic O 3 exposure resulted in + 9 to + 46% higher concentrations of all the minerals, except K. The effect of climate abiotic factors could increase the ability of wheat to meet adult daily dietary requirements by + 6% to + 12% for protein, Zn and Fe, but decrease those of Mg, Mn and P by − 3% to − 6%, and K by − 62%. The role of wheat in future nutrition security is discussed.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone alone increased grain N, Fe, Mg, Mn, P and Zn by 15 to 31%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- O 3 exposure alonee0
- Outcome
- grain N, Fe, Mg, Mn P and Zne0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- + 15 to + 31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat plants under O 3 exposure alone concentrated + 15 to + 31% more grain N, Fe, Mg, Mn P and Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone alone reduced grain K by 5%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced K by − 5%”
e1“Results show that wheat plants under O 3 exposure alone concentrated + 15 to + 31% more grain N, Fe, Mg, Mn P and Zn, reduced K by − 5%, and C did not change.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone alone did not change grain C.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- O 3 exposure alonee1
- Outcome
- Ce0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C did not change”
e1“Results show that wheat plants under O 3 exposure alone concentrated + 15 to + 31% more grain N, Fe, Mg, Mn P and Zn, reduced K by − 5%, and C did not change.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone with elevated CO2 and temperature increased grain Fe, Mn, P and Zn by 2–18%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ozone in the presence of elevated CO 2 and higher temperaturee0
- Outcome
- content of Fe, Mn, P and Zne0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 2–18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone in the presence of elevated CO 2 and higher temperature enhanced the content of Fe, Mn, P and Zn by 2–18%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-limited chronic ozone increased all mineral concentrations except K by 9 to 46%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Water-limited chronic O 3 exposuree0
- Outcome
- concentrations of all the minerals, except Ke0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- + 9 to + 46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water-limited chronic O 3 exposure resulted in + 9 to + 46% higher concentrations of all the minerals, except K”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Climate factors increased wheat ability to meet adult dietary requirements for protein, Zn and Fe by 6 to 12%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- ability of wheat to meet adult daily dietary requirementse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- + 6% to + 12%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase the ability of wheat to meet adult daily dietary requirements by + 6% to + 12% for protein, Zn and Fe”
Claim · model-written summary
Climate factors decreased wheat ability to meet adult dietary requirements for Mg, Mn and P by 3 to 6%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- those of Mg, Mn and Pe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- − 3% to − 6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decrease those of Mg, Mn and P by − 3% to − 6%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Climate factors decreased wheat ability to meet adult dietary requirements for K by 62%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- − 62%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K by − 62%”
e1“The effect of climate abiotic factors could increase the ability of wheat to meet adult daily dietary requirements by + 6% to + 12% for protein, Zn and Fe, but decrease those of Mg, Mn and P by − 3% to − 6%, and K by − 62%.”
t0“wheat”
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