Abstract
Response functions for the effect of ozone on cadmium (Cd) (toxic to humans) and zinc (Zn) (essential nutrient for plants and humans) in wheat grain were derived for the first time. Data from four open-top chamber (OTC) experiments with field-grown wheat, performed in southwest Sweden, were used. Ozone exposure was expressed as the phytotoxic ozone dose above a threshold of 6 nmol/m(2) per sec (POD(6)), and AOT40. Grain Zn concentration was significantly enhanced by ozone, while Zn yield was not affected. The positive ozone effect on grain Zn concentration was almost twice as large as the corresponding effect on grain protein concentration, most likely as a result of nitrogen availability being more limiting than Zn availability. Cd concentration was unaffected by ozone, but Cd yield was significantly negatively affected. For the variables studied, correlation was stronger with POD(6) than AOT40, but in several cases, for example, for Zn concentration and Cd yield, there was practically no difference in the performance between the two exposure indices. From the literature, it is obvious that ozone has important adverse effects on wheat yield and certain quality traits. As shown in this study, there are also examples of ozone leading to improved quality, for example, in terms of enhanced Zn concentration of wheat grain. While OTC enclosure did not affect Zn accumulation in wheat grain, Cd accumulation was significantly positively affected, most likely through transpiration being enhanced by the OTC environment, promoting Cd uptake and transport through the plant.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone significantly enhanced wheat grain zinc concentration.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- Grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Grain Zn concentration was significantly enhanced by ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone did not affect wheat grain zinc yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ozonee1
- Outcome
- Zn yielde0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Zn yield was not affected”
e1“Grain Zn concentration was significantly enhanced by ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
The ozone effect on zinc concentration was almost twice that on protein concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- almost twice as largee0
- Comparator
- grain protein concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The positive ozone effect on grain Zn concentration was almost twice as large as the corresponding effect on grain protein concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone did not affect cadmium concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- Cd concentratione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Cd concentration was unaffected by ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone significantly reduced cadmium yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ozonee1
- Outcome
- Cd yielde0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Cd yield was significantly negatively affected”
e1“unaffected by ozone, but Cd yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The studied variables correlated more strongly with POD(6) than AOT40.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- correlatione0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Qualifier
- POD(6)e0
- Comparator
- AOT40e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“For the variables studied, correlation was stronger with POD(6) than AOT40”
Claim · model-written summary
For zinc concentration and cadmium yield, POD(6) and AOT40 performed practically alike.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- performancee0
- Direction
- practically no differencee0
- Qualifier
- Zn concentration and Cd yielde0
- Comparator
- AOT40e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“for Zn concentration and Cd yield, there was practically no difference in the performance between the two exposure indices”
e1“POD(6) than AOT40”
Claim · model-written summary
Open-top chamber enclosure did not affect wheat grain zinc accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- OTC enclosuree0
- Outcome
- Zn accumulation in wheat graine0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“OTC enclosure did not affect Zn accumulation in wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Open-top chamber enclosure significantly increased cadmium accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- OTC enclosuree1
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Cd accumulation was significantly positively affected”
e1“While OTC enclosure did not affect Zn accumulation in wheat grain, Cd accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed the enhanced zinc concentration partly to nitrogen being more limiting than zinc.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Zn availabilitye0
- Qualifier
- nitrogen availability being more limiting than Zn availabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“most likely as a result of nitrogen availability being more limiting than Zn availability”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed higher cadmium accumulation in chambers to transpiration promoting uptake and transport.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Cd uptake and transport through the plante0
- Qualifier
- transpiration being enhanced by the OTC environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“most likely through transpiration being enhanced by the OTC environment, promoting Cd uptake and transport through the plant”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
62 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
66 papers more in this group
See all 70 papers →ozone · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.