Abstract
ABSTRACT Apples ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala) were heat‐treated at 38C for 4 days (heat treatment [HT]) before or after coated with 1% chitosan (CTS). Following treatment, apples were stored at 0C for 8 weeks and 20C for 7 days as shelf life. The effectiveness of the combined treatments on the ripeness, quality and decay development caused by Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea was evaluated. Severe heat damage was observed on the fruits heat‐treated after CTS coating (CTS + HT), appeared as external decay and internal brown after treatment. However, no damage on fruits heated before CTS coating (HT + CTS) during the whole storage. Besides the completely control of blue mold and gray mold on artificially inoculated fruits during storage, the HT + CTS treated fruit showed the lowest respiration rate, ethylene evolution, malondialdehyde and membrane leakage, and the highest firmness and consumer acceptance among the treatments. At the same time, this combined treatment could inhibit the lost of green color, titratable acidity and weight loss compared with HT alone. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS “Gala” apple fruits become more popular in the world because of its high productivity and good quality. Hot air treatment alone has been used to delay ripening of Gala but caused the loss of peel green, titratable acidity and weight. This work investigated the effects of hot air treatment combined with chitosan (CTS) coating on the ripening, quality and decay development for Gala apple fruits. Compared with fruits heat‐treat alone, fruits heat‐treated before CTS coating (heat treatment + CTS) preserved original peel color, maintained titratable acidity and weight, completely control decay development and showed the highest consumer acceptance after storage. The information obtained from this study suggested that this combined treatment may be a suitable method for the commercial application on Gala apple fruits.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Heat after coating caused external decay and internal browning.
- Taxon
- Apples
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- CTS + HTe0
- Outcome
- external decay and internal browne0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe heat damage was observed on the fruits heat‐treated after CTS coating (CTS + HT), appeared as external decay and internal brown after treatment”
t0“APPLE”
e1“Apples ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat before coating caused no damage during storage.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- HT + CTSe0
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- no damagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no damage on fruits heated before CTS coating (HT + CTS) during the whole storage”
t0“APPLE”
e1“Apples ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat before coating completely controlled blue mold and gray mold on inoculated fruit.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- HT + CTSe2
- Outcome
- blue mold and gray molde0
- Direction
- completely controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“completely control of blue mold and gray mold on artificially inoculated fruits during storage”
t0“APPLE”
e1“Apples ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala)”
e2“no damage on fruits heated before CTS coating (HT + CTS) during the whole storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat before coating produced the lowest respiration, ethylene evolution and malondialdehyde.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- HT + CTSe0
- Outcome
- respiration rate, ethylene evolution, malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the HT + CTS treated fruit showed the lowest respiration rate, ethylene evolution, malondialdehyde and membrane leakage, and the highest firmness and consumer acceptance among the treatments”
t0“APPLE”
e1“Apples ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat before coating yielded the lowest membrane leakage.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- HT + CTSe0
- Outcome
- membrane leakagee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the HT + CTS treated fruit showed the lowest respiration rate, ethylene evolution, malondialdehyde and membrane leakage, and the highest firmness and consumer acceptance among the treatments”
t0“APPLE”
e1“Apples ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat before coating maintained the highest firmness and consumer acceptance.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- HT + CTSe0
- Outcome
- firmness and consumer acceptancee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the HT + CTS treated fruit showed the lowest respiration rate, ethylene evolution, malondialdehyde and membrane leakage, and the highest firmness and consumer acceptance among the treatments”
t0“APPLE”
e1“Apples ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment inhibited loss of green color, titratable acidity and weight versus heat alone.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- this combined treatmente0
- Outcome
- green color, titratable acidity and weight losse0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Comparator
- HT alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this combined treatment could inhibit the lost of green color, titratable acidity and weight loss compared with HT alone”
t0“APPLE”
e1“Apples ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest heat before chitosan coating for commercial Gala apples.
Verbatim
e0“this combined treatment may be a suitable method for the commercial application on Gala apple fruits”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.