Abstract
Abstract This study addressed the effects of chitosan-based nanoparticles on microbiological quality, colour, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) and firmness of fresh-cut ‘Gala’ apple slices during storage at 5 °C for 10 days. The treatments carried out were as follows: (i) slices pulverised with 110-nm chitosan nanoparticles, (ii) slices pulverised with 300-nm chitosan nanoparticles, (iii) 2 g L−1 chitosan dissolved in 2% citric acid and (iv) noncoated samples. There was an increase in chroma and a proportional decrease in hue angle and lightness. Browning of the slices coated with conventional chitosan and control was slightly intense than those coated with chitosan nanoparticles of 110 and 300 nm. The PPO and PDO activities increased with time for all samples, with irrelevant difference among the treatments. Flesh firmness did not change for any treatment and period. Coatings with chitosan nanoparticles of 110 nm showed higher antimicrobial activity against moulds and yeasts, and mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria than the other treatments. No Salmonella, and total and faecal coliforms were detected. This investigation supports the potential use of chitosan nanoparticles as edible coatings in controlling microbial activity in fresh-cut apples.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Chroma increased during storage of fresh-cut Gala apple slices.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Outcome
- chromae0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase in chroma”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Hue angle decreased proportionally during storage of fresh-cut Gala apple slices.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- hue anglee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a proportional decrease in hue angle”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Lightness decreased proportionally during storage of fresh-cut Gala apple slices.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- lightnesse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a proportional decrease in hue angle and lightness”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Browning was slightly more intense under conventional chitosan coating than under nanoparticle coatings.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- conventional chitosane0
- Outcome
- Browninge0
- Direction
- slightly intensee0
- Comparator
- chitosan nanoparticles of 110 and 300 nme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Browning of the slices coated with conventional chitosan and control was slightly intense than those coated with chitosan nanoparticles of 110 and 300 nm”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Browning was slightly more intense in controls than with nanoparticle coatings.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- controle0
- Outcome
- Browninge0
- Direction
- slightly intensee0
- Comparator
- chitosan nanoparticles of 110 and 300 nme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Browning of the slices coated with conventional chitosan and control was slightly intense than those coated with chitosan nanoparticles of 110 and 300 nm”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
PPO activity rose over time in all apple slice treatments with little difference among treatments.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- PPOe0
- Outcome
- PPO and PDO activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- irrelevant difference among the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PPO and PDO activities increased with time for all samples, with irrelevant difference among the treatments”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
PDO activity rose over time in all apple slice treatments with little difference among treatments.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- PDOe0
- Outcome
- PPO and PDO activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- irrelevant difference among the treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PPO and PDO activities increased with time for all samples, with irrelevant difference among the treatments”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple flesh firmness did not change under any treatment or storage period.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Flesh firmnesse0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flesh firmness did not change for any treatment and period”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
A 110 nm chitosan nanoparticle coating had higher antimicrobial activity against moulds and yeasts than other treatments.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- chitosan nanoparticles of 110 nme0
- Interactor
- moulds and yeastse0other
- Outcome
- antimicrobial activity against moulds and yeastse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coatings with chitosan nanoparticles of 110 nm showed higher antimicrobial activity against moulds and yeasts, and mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria than the other treatments”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
A 110 nm chitosan nanoparticle coating had higher antimicrobial activity against mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- chitosan nanoparticles of 110 nme0
- Interactor
- mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteriae0other
- Outcome
- antimicrobial activity against moulds and yeasts, and mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteriae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coatings with chitosan nanoparticles of 110 nm showed higher antimicrobial activity against moulds and yeasts, and mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria than the other treatments”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Salmonella, total coliforms, and faecal coliforms were undetected in stored apple slices.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- Salmonella
Salmonellae0other - Outcome
- Salmonella, and total and faecal coliformse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No Salmonella, and total and faecal coliforms were detected”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors support chitosan nanoparticles as coatings for microbial control in fresh-cut apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- potential use of chitosan nanoparticles as edible coatings in controlling microbial activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This investigation supports the potential use of chitosan nanoparticles as edible coatings in controlling microbial activity in fresh-cut apples”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 8 papers →nanoparticle · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.