Abstract
Soybean ( Glycine max l., cv. Alina) seedlings grown for 5 days on medium containing 1.5–50 μm CuSO 4 displayed inhibition of their growth and shoot and root system biomass accumulation, and this effect correlated with copper ions’ concentration. The content of chlorophyll in leaves remained unchanged, while the total content of soluble carbohydrates per 1 g fresh leaf and root mass increased. The inhibition of root growth appeared to be marked at a lower concentration of copper ions in the medium as compared to that intensified the entering into root cells of Evans blue, the known indicator of cell viability. Copper ion excess in the medium did not prevent the process of lateral root initiation and their exit on the primary root surface but significantly suppressed their subsequent growth. It was shown that the Cu-stress resulted in changes in filament actin (F-actin) content in the root cells of the seedlings. F-actin amount increased after 20 h growth of the plants on the medium with 10 μM CuSO 4 , whereas on the medium containing 50 μM CuSO 4 F-actin content in root tip cells dropped considerably as compared to the control. The content of F-actin in the root apex became equal to that in the basal part of the root that completed growth. These results allowed us to suggest that fast Cu-stress-induced retardation of soybean seedling growth is likely to be associated with disturbance of organization and functioning of the actin cytoskeleton (AC) leading to inhibition of cell and organs growth and changes in architecture of the root system due to damage of the mechanism of auxin transport and distribution.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Copper sulfate correlated with inhibited soybean growth and biomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- Alinae0
- Treatment
- 1.5–50 μm CuSO 4e0
- Outcome
- growth and shoot and root system biomass accumulatione1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Qualifier
- correlated with copper ions’ concentratione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“Soybean ( Glycine max l., cv. Alina) seedlings grown for 5 days on medium containing 1.5–50 μm CuSO 4”
e1“displayed inhibition of their growth and shoot and root system biomass accumulation”
e2“this effect correlated with copper ions’ concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper sulfate left leaf chlorophyll content unchanged in soybean seedlings.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- 1.5–50 μm CuSO 4e0
- Outcome
- content of chlorophylle1
- Direction
- remained unchangede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“Soybean ( Glycine max l., cv. Alina) seedlings grown for 5 days on medium containing 1.5–50 μm CuSO 4”
e1“The content of chlorophyll in leaves remained unchanged”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper sulfate increased total soluble carbohydrate content per fresh leaf and root mass in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leaf and root masse1
- Treatment
- 1.5–50 μm CuSO 4e0
- Outcome
- total content of soluble carbohydratese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“Soybean ( Glycine max l., cv. Alina) seedlings grown for 5 days on medium containing 1.5–50 μm CuSO 4”
e1“while the total content of soluble carbohydrates per 1 g fresh leaf and root mass increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth inhibition was marked at a lower copper concentration than the one that intensified Evans blue entry.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- copper ions in the mediume0
- Outcome
- inhibition of root growthe0
- Direction
- markede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“The inhibition of root growth appeared to be marked at a lower concentration of copper ions in the medium as compared to that intensified the entering into root cells of Evans blue”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper ions in the medium intensified Evans blue entry into soybean root cells.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- copper ions in the mediume0
- Outcome
- entering into root cells of Evans bluee0
- Direction
- intensifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“The inhibition of root growth appeared to be marked at a lower concentration of copper ions in the medium as compared to that intensified the entering into root cells of Evans blue”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper excess did not prevent lateral root initiation in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- primary root surfacee0
- Treatment
- Copper ion excess in the mediume0
- Outcome
- lateral root initiatione0
- Direction
- did not prevente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“Copper ion excess in the medium did not prevent the process of lateral root initiation and their exit on the primary root surface”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper excess significantly suppressed subsequent lateral root growth in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- lateral roote0
- Treatment
- Copper ion excess in the mediume0
- Outcome
- subsequent growthe1
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“Copper ion excess in the medium did not prevent the process of lateral root initiation and their exit on the primary root surface”
e1“but significantly suppressed their subsequent growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu-stress changed root cell F-actin content in soybean seedlings.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- root cellse0
- Treatment
- Cu-stresse0
- Outcome
- filament actin (F-actin) content in the root cellse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“the Cu-stress resulted in changes in filament actin (F-actin) content in the root cells of the seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
F-actin amount increased after 20 h of growth on 10 μM CuSO4 medium.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 10 μM CuSO 4e0
- Outcome
- F-actin amounte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after 20 h growthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“F-actin amount increased after 20 h growth of the plants on the medium with 10 μM CuSO 4”
Claim · model-written summary
F-actin content in root tip cells dropped considerably on 50 μM CuSO4 compared with control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- root tip cellse0
- Treatment
- 50 μM CuSO 4e0
- Outcome
- F-actin content in root tip cellse0
- Direction
- droppede0
- Qualifier
- considerablye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“whereas on the medium containing 50 μM CuSO 4 F-actin content in root tip cells dropped considerably as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
F-actin content in the soybean root apex became equal to that in the basal root part.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- root apexe0
- Outcome
- content of F-actin in the root apexe0
- Qualifier
- equal to that in the basal part of the roote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“The content of F-actin in the root apex became equal to that in the basal part of the root that completed growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu-stress-induced retardation of soybean seedling growth is likely linked to disturbed actin cytoskeleton.
- Taxon
- soybean seedlingGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- retardation of soybean seedling growthe0
- Qualifier
- disturbance of organization and functioning of the actin cytoskeletone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“fast Cu-stress-induced retardation of soybean seedling growth is likely to be associated with disturbance of organization and functioning of the actin cytoskeleton”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in soybean root architecture may result from damaged auxin transport.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- auxine0
- Outcome
- changes in architecture of the root systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seedlings”
e0“changes in architecture of the root system due to damage of the mechanism of auxin transport and distribution”
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