Abstract
Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants produce fewer and lower quality seeds when grown in conditions that decrease seed Ca concentration. Indeterminate soybean was grown in modified hydroponic culture to ascertain the effects of Ca deficiency on leaf dry matter, seed production and elemental concentration, and the effect of pod position on seed elemental concentration in 1992 and 1993. Treatments consisted of 2.0 (Control), 0.2 (Low), 0.1 (Very Low) m M Ca in the nutrient media. Some Control plants were switched to Low or Very Low (Con/L, VL) Ca levels at beginning seed growth stage (R5), and some plants grown at the Very Low Ca level were switched to the Control (VL/Con) Ca level at R5. At harvest, plants were divided into four sections: top‐third (T/3), middle‐third (M/3), and bottom‐third (B/3) of the mainstem and branches (Br). Low and Very Low treatments produced 65 and 10% as much seed mass, respectively, as Control in both years. Low and Very Low treatments retained significantly less total leaf dry matter at R5 in both years. Seed Ca levels were 25 to 300% higher in treatments that included the Control Ca level during any part of reproductive growth compared to other treatments in both years. Seed Ca concentration was highest in the T/3 and Br sections in both years. Germination was reduced in treatments not including the Control solution during part of the reproductive growth period in both years. Decreased Ca levels in the nutrient medium reduced soybean leaf dry matter during seed fill, seed production, seed Ca concentration, and seed germination, and increased the incidence of seedling disorders such as watery hypocotyl and epicotyl necrosis.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Low Ca produced 65% as much seed mass as control.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Lowe0
- Outcome
- seed masse0
- Direction
- as muche0
- Value
- 65e0
- Comparator
- Controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low and Very Low treatments produced 65 and 10% as much seed mass, respectively, as Control in both years.”
t0“Soybean Seed Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Very Low Ca produced 10% as much seed mass as control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Very Lowe0
- Outcome
- seed masse0
- Direction
- as muche0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- Controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low and Very Low treatments produced 65 and 10% as much seed mass, respectively, as Control in both years.”
t0“Soybean Seed Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Low and Very Low Ca reduced total leaf dry matter at R5.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- R5e0
- Treatment
- Low and Very Low treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total leaf dry mattere0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low and Very Low treatments retained significantly less total leaf dry matter at R5 in both years.”
t0“Soybean Seed Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Control Ca during reproductive growth raised seed calcium by 25 to 300% against other treatments.
- Treatment
- Control Ca level during any part of reproductive growthe0
- Outcome
- Seed Ca levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 25 to 300%e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Seed Ca levels were 25 to 300% higher in treatments that included the Control Ca level during any part of reproductive growth compared to other treatments in both years.”
t0“Soybean Seed Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed Ca concentration was highest in top-third and branch sections.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- T/3 and Br sectionse0
- Outcome
- Seed Ca concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed Ca concentration was highest in the T/3 and Br sections in both years.”
t0“Soybean Seed Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed germination fell without control Ca during reproductive growth.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- treatments not including the Control solutione0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination was reduced in treatments not including the Control solution during part of the reproductive growth period in both years.”
t0“Soybean Seed Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced Ca increased watery hypocotyl and epicotyl necrosis incidence.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Decreased Ca levels in the nutrient mediume0
- Outcome
- incidence of seedling disorders such as watery hypocotyl and epicotyl necrosise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreased Ca levels in the nutrient medium reduced soybean leaf dry matter during seed fill, seed production, seed Ca concentration, and seed germination, and increased the incidence of seedling disorders such as watery hypocotyl and epicotyl necrosis.”
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