Abstract
Micro-nutrient deficiency in soil results in crop yield loss and poor seed quality. Correcting this deficiency is normally done by foliar or soil application. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of soil applications of five micro-nutrients (Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, and B) alone and in combination with a chelating agent citric acid (CA) on soybean leaf and seed nutrients. Source of micro-nutrient compounds were MnCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2, MoO3, and H3BO3. Our hypothesis was that micro-and macro-nutrients may be transported to leaves and then to seeds at different rates. They may interact synergistically or competitively during the uptake process. A greenhouse experiment was conducted at Mississippi Valley State University, Itta Bena, Mississippi, USA. Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage. The results showed that applications of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased three unrolled trifoliate leaves Cu, Zn, B by 26.5%, 13.8%, 113% and Mo increased to 179 mg/kg, respectively in the leaves. Also, the application of “Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased Cu, Zn, B by 55.5%, 8.2%, 28.6% and Mo increased to 202 mg/kg” respectively in soybean seeds. Application of Mn had no direct effect on increasing Mn either in leaves or in seeds, however, Mn and Mn + CA treatment affected other mineral contents. Application of Cu, Zn, Mo, B and CA increased macro-nutrients K, N, P, Mg, and S. Irrespective of the applications, the nutrient increase trend in seed was Na > Fe > Zn > Mn > B > Cu > Mo. However, Mo application resulted in the following seed nutrient accumulation pattern: Na > Mo > Fe > Zn > Mn > B > Cu. This may suggest that Mo had higher mobility to seeds than other micro-nutrients. Combination of soil application of Mo + CA increased Mo in leaves at V3 stage; however, Mo + CA soil application during pod-filling stage had no significant effects on Mo accumulation in seeds. The current research showed that some micro-nutrient application with the chelating agent CA could increase seed nutrients. Since these results are conducted under greenhouse experiments, further research under field conditions is needed before conclusive recommendations are made.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Application of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased leaf Cu by 26.5%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- Bolivare0
- Organ / stage
- three unrolled trifoliate leavese1
- Treatment
- applications of Cu, Zn, B and Moe1
- Outcome
- three unrolled trifoliate leaves Cue1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 26.5%e1
- Setting
- greenhousee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e1“applications of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased three unrolled trifoliate leaves Cu, Zn, B by 26.5%, 13.8%, 113% and Mo increased to 179 mg/kg, respectively in the leaves”
e2“A greenhouse experiment was conducted at Mississippi Valley State University, Itta Bena, Mississippi, USA”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased leaf Zn by 13.8%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- applications of Cu, Zn, B and Moe1
- Outcome
- Zne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 13.8%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e1“applications of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased three unrolled trifoliate leaves Cu, Zn, B by 26.5%, 13.8%, 113% and Mo increased to 179 mg/kg, respectively in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased leaf B by 113%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- applications of Cu, Zn, B and Moe1
- Outcome
- Be1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 113%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e1“applications of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased three unrolled trifoliate leaves Cu, Zn, B by 26.5%, 13.8%, 113% and Mo increased to 179 mg/kg, respectively in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased leaf Mo to 179 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- applications of Cu, Zn, B and Moe1
- Outcome
- Moe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 179 mg/kge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e1“applications of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased three unrolled trifoliate leaves Cu, Zn, B by 26.5%, 13.8%, 113% and Mo increased to 179 mg/kg, respectively in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased seed Cu by 55.5%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- seedse3
- Treatment
- Cu, Zn, B and Moe2
- Outcome
- Cue2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 55.5%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e2“Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased Cu, Zn, B by 55.5%, 8.2%, 28.6% and Mo increased to 202 mg/kg”
e3“respectively in soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased seed Zn by 8.2%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- seedse3
- Treatment
- Cu, Zn, B and Moe2
- Outcome
- Zne2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 8.2%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e2“Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased Cu, Zn, B by 55.5%, 8.2%, 28.6% and Mo increased to 202 mg/kg”
e3“respectively in soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased seed B by 28.6%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- seedse3
- Treatment
- Cu, Zn, B and Moe2
- Outcome
- Be2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 28.6%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e2“Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased Cu, Zn, B by 55.5%, 8.2%, 28.6% and Mo increased to 202 mg/kg”
e3“respectively in soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased seed Mo to 202 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- seedse3
- Treatment
- Cu, Zn, B and Moe2
- Outcome
- Moe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 202 mg/kge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e2“Cu, Zn, B and Mo increased Cu, Zn, B by 55.5%, 8.2%, 28.6% and Mo increased to 202 mg/kg”
e3“respectively in soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of Mn had no direct effect on increasing Mn in leaves or seeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Application of Mne4
- Outcome
- Mne4
- Direction
- no direct effect on increasinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e4“Application of Mn had no direct effect on increasing Mn either in leaves or in seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of Cu, Zn, Mo, B and CA increased macro-nutrients K, N, P, Mg and S.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Application of Cu, Zn, Mo, B and CAe5
- Outcome
- macro-nutrients K, N, P, Mg, and Se5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e5“Application of Cu, Zn, Mo, B and CA increased macro-nutrients K, N, P, Mg, and S”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrespective of application, the nutrient increase trend in soybean seed was Na > Fe > Zn > Mn > B > Cu > Mo.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- seede6
- Outcome
- the nutrient increase trend in seede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e6“the nutrient increase trend in seed was Na > Fe > Zn > Mn > B > Cu > Mo”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo application gave the seed nutrient accumulation pattern Na > Mo > Fe > Zn > Mn > B > Cu in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mo applicatione7
- Outcome
- seed nutrient accumulation patterne7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e7“Mo application resulted in the following seed nutrient accumulation pattern: Na > Mo > Fe > Zn > Mn > B > Cu”
Claim · model-written summary
Mo may have higher mobility to seeds than other micro-nutrients in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Moe1
- Outcome
- higher mobility to seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e1“This may suggest that Mo had higher mobility to seeds than other micro-nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application of Mo with CA increased leaf Mo at the V3 stage.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leaves at V3 stagee1
- Treatment
- soil application of Mo + CAe1
- Outcome
- Mo in leavese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e1“Combination of soil application of Mo + CA increased Mo in leaves at V3 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application of Mo with CA during pod-filling had no significant effect on Mo accumulation in seeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mo + CA soil application during pod-filling stagee1
- Outcome
- Mo accumulation in seedse1
- Direction
- no significant effectse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e1“Mo + CA soil application during pod-filling stage had no significant effects on Mo accumulation in seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Some micro-nutrient applications with the chelating agent CA could increase seed nutrients in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- some micro-nutrient application with the chelating agent CAe1
- Outcome
- seed nutrientse1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean cultivar, Bolivar (maturity group V), was applied with micro-nutrients-chelating agent citric acid at V3 and R3 (pod initiation) stage”
e1“some micro-nutrient application with the chelating agent CA could increase seed nutrients”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.