Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate nitrogen dynamics and use efficiency of transplanted rice under variable irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels. Two field experiments were conducted during the 2021 and 2022 rice-growing seasons using a split-plot design with four irrigation treatments in the main plots and four nitrogen levels in the sub-plots, each replicated thrice. Results indicated that nitrogen concentration and uptake by grain and straw were significantly influenced by both irrigation scheduling and nitrogen application. Among irrigation treatments, recommended scheduling and irrigation at field capacity produced the highest nitrogen concentration and uptake, whereas 10 and 20% depletion from field capacity resulted in lower values. For nitrogen levels, 125% of the recommended dose (RDN) recorded the highest grain nitrogen content and uptake, but values were statistically similar to 100% RDN. Flooded rice cultivation led to the greatest nitrogen removal from soil, followed by field capacity and deficit irrigation treatments. The highest nitrogen use efficiency was observed under deficit irrigation, followed by field capacity, while flooded irrigation was the least efficient. Adequate irrigation (I1/I2) resulted in the highest nitrogen uptake and grain yield, while deficit irrigation (I4) saved water but led to lower yield and nitrogen use efficiency, with greater amounts of residual nitrogen remaining in the soil. Overall, applying irrigation at field capacity combined with 100% RDN was found optimal for maximizing nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency in transplanted rice, suggesting a sustainable approach to improve resource use without over-application of water or fertilizer.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen concentration and uptake by grain and straw were significantly influenced by irrigation scheduling and nitrogen application.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- irrigation schedulinge1
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentration and uptakee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use efficiency of transplanted rice”
e1“nitrogen concentration and uptake by grain and straw were significantly influenced by both irrigation scheduling and nitrogen application”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at field capacity produced the highest nitrogen concentration and uptake among irrigation treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- irrigation at field capacitye1
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentration and uptakee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- Among irrigation treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use efficiency of transplanted rice”
e1“Among irrigation treatments, recommended scheduling and irrigation at field capacity produced the highest nitrogen concentration and uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 10 and 20% depletion from field capacity resulted in lower nitrogen concentration and uptake than at field capacity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 10 and 20% depletion from field capacitye2
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentration and uptakee2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- field capacitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use efficiency of transplanted rice”
e2“Among irrigation treatments, recommended scheduling and irrigation at field capacity produced the highest nitrogen concentration and uptake, whereas 10 and 20% depletion from field capacity resulted in lower values”
Claim · model-written summary
The 125% of recommended N dose recorded the highest grain nitrogen content and uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 125% of the recommended dose (RDN)e3
- Outcome
- grain nitrogen content and uptakee3
- Direction
- higheste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use efficiency of transplanted rice”
e3“For nitrogen levels, 125% of the recommended dose (RDN) recorded the highest grain nitrogen content and uptake, but values were statistically similar to 100% RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain nitrogen content and uptake at 125% of the recommended N dose were statistically similar to those at 100% RDN.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 125% of the recommended dose (RDN)e3
- Outcome
- grain nitrogen content and uptakee3
- Direction
- statistically similare3
- Comparator
- 100% RDNe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use efficiency of transplanted rice”
e3“For nitrogen levels, 125% of the recommended dose (RDN) recorded the highest grain nitrogen content and uptake, but values were statistically similar to 100% RDN”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded rice cultivation led to the greatest nitrogen removal from soil, followed by field capacity and deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Flooded rice cultivatione4
- Outcome
- nitrogen removal from soile4
- Direction
- greateste4
- Comparator
- field capacity and deficit irrigation treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use efficiency of transplanted rice”
e4“Flooded rice cultivation led to the greatest nitrogen removal from soil, followed by field capacity and deficit irrigation treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation gave the highest nitrogen use efficiency, followed by field capacity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatione5
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Comparator
- field capacitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use efficiency of transplanted rice”
e5“The highest nitrogen use efficiency was observed under deficit irrigation, followed by field capacity, while flooded irrigation was the least efficient”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded irrigation was the least efficient in nitrogen use.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- flooded irrigatione5
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye5
- Direction
- least efficiente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use efficiency of transplanted rice”
e5“The highest nitrogen use efficiency was observed under deficit irrigation, followed by field capacity, while flooded irrigation was the least efficient”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate irrigation (I1/I2) resulted in the highest nitrogen uptake and grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Adequate irrigation (I1/I2)e6
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake and grain yielde6
- Direction
- higheste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use efficiency of transplanted rice”
e6“Adequate irrigation (I1/I2) resulted in the highest nitrogen uptake and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation (I4) saved water.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation (I4)e7
- Outcome
- watere7
- Direction
- savede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use efficiency of transplanted rice”
e7“deficit irrigation (I4) saved water”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation (I4) led to lower grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation (I4)e7
- Outcome
- yield and nitrogen use efficiencye7
- Direction
- lowere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use efficiency of transplanted rice”
e7“deficit irrigation (I4) saved water but led to lower yield and nitrogen use efficiency, with greater amounts of residual nitrogen remaining in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation (I4) left greater amounts of residual nitrogen in the soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation (I4)e7
- Outcome
- residual nitrogen remaining in the soile7
- Direction
- greater amountse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use efficiency of transplanted rice”
e7“deficit irrigation (I4) saved water but led to lower yield and nitrogen use efficiency, with greater amounts of residual nitrogen remaining in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying irrigation at field capacity combined with 100% RDN is optimal for maximizing nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency in transplanted rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Treatment
- applying irrigation at field capacity combined with 100% RDNe7
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiencye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Overall, applying irrigation at field capacity combined with 100% RDN was found optimal for maximizing nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency in transplanted rice”
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