Abstract
The continuous rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration due to global climate change necessitates research into its effects on important food crops. The experiment was conducted in 2023 at the Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad. This controlled environment open-top chamber (OTC) experiment evaluated the impact of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on the growth, physiology and yield of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Arka Garima). The study compared 2 CO₂ treatment levels: ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppm and an elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppm. The results demonstrated that eCO₂ profoundly and positively altered cowpea plants, leading to an increase in vegetative growth and reproductive productivity. Morphological parameters exhibited substantial enhancements, including a dramatic increase in root volume (67.80 %, p = 0.001), plant height (41.29 %, p<0.001) and stem dry weight (37.52%, p = 0.005). Physiological responses indicated an improved plant status under CO₂ enrichment. The most notable finding was the accumulation of total soluble sugars (TSS), which increased by 15.58 % (p<0.001), reflecting enhanced photosynthesis. The leaf physiological status improved significantly, with the membrane stability index (MSI) increasing by 8.59 % (p = 0.001) and total chlorophyll content increasing by 6.88 % (p = 0.007). Elevated CO₂ levels significantly boosted crop yield and attributed traits. The number of pods per plant increased by 27.91 % (p<0.001), combined with an 18.75 % (p<0.001) increase in average pod weight and the total pod yield per plant showed a highly significant 30.89 % increase (p<0.001). These findings indicate that the cowpea cultivar Arka Garima is highly responsive to CO₂ enrichment, offering essential insights into effective crop management and adaptation strategies in the face of changing climatic conditions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased root volume of vegetable cowpea by 67.80% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculatae7 - Material
- cv. Arka Garimae7
- Treatment
- elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppme7
- Outcome
- root volumee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 67.80 %e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppme7
- Setting
- controlled environment open-top chambere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a dramatic increase in root volume (67.80 %, p = 0.001), plant height (41.29 %, p<0.001) and stem dry weight (37.52%, p = 0.005)”
e7“This controlled environment open-top chamber (OTC) experiment evaluated the impact of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on the growth, physiology and yield of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Arka Garima). The study compared 2 CO₂ treatment levels: ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppm and an elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased plant height of vegetable cowpea by 41.29% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatae7
- Material
- cv. Arka Garimae7
- Treatment
- elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppme7
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 41.29 %e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppme7
- Setting
- controlled environment open-top chambere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a dramatic increase in root volume (67.80 %, p = 0.001), plant height (41.29 %, p<0.001) and stem dry weight (37.52%, p = 0.005)”
e7“This controlled environment open-top chamber (OTC) experiment evaluated the impact of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on the growth, physiology and yield of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Arka Garima). The study compared 2 CO₂ treatment levels: ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppm and an elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased stem dry weight of vegetable cowpea by 37.52% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatae7
- Material
- cv. Arka Garimae7
- Treatment
- elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppme7
- Outcome
- stem dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 37.52%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppme7
- Setting
- controlled environment open-top chambere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a dramatic increase in root volume (67.80 %, p = 0.001), plant height (41.29 %, p<0.001) and stem dry weight (37.52%, p = 0.005)”
e7“This controlled environment open-top chamber (OTC) experiment evaluated the impact of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on the growth, physiology and yield of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Arka Garima). The study compared 2 CO₂ treatment levels: ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppm and an elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased total soluble sugars of vegetable cowpea by 15.58% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatae7
- Material
- cv. Arka Garimae7
- Treatment
- elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppme7
- Outcome
- total soluble sugars (TSS)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 15.58 %e1
- Comparator
- ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppme7
- Setting
- controlled environment open-top chambere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“accumulation of total soluble sugars (TSS), which increased by 15.58 % (p<0.001)”
e7“This controlled environment open-top chamber (OTC) experiment evaluated the impact of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on the growth, physiology and yield of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Arka Garima). The study compared 2 CO₂ treatment levels: ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppm and an elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased the membrane stability index of vegetable cowpea by 8.59% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatae7
- Material
- cv. Arka Garimae7
- Treatment
- elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppme7
- Outcome
- membrane stability index (MSI)e2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Value
- 8.59 %e2
- Comparator
- ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppme7
- Setting
- controlled environment open-top chambere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the membrane stability index (MSI) increasing by 8.59 % (p = 0.001)”
e7“This controlled environment open-top chamber (OTC) experiment evaluated the impact of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on the growth, physiology and yield of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Arka Garima). The study compared 2 CO₂ treatment levels: ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppm and an elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased total chlorophyll content of vegetable cowpea by 6.88% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatae7
- Material
- cv. Arka Garimae7
- Treatment
- elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppme7
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- increasinge3
- Value
- 6.88 %e3
- Comparator
- ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppme7
- Setting
- controlled environment open-top chambere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“total chlorophyll content increasing by 6.88 % (p = 0.007)”
e7“This controlled environment open-top chamber (OTC) experiment evaluated the impact of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on the growth, physiology and yield of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Arka Garima). The study compared 2 CO₂ treatment levels: ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppm and an elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased the number of pods per plant of vegetable cowpea by 27.91% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatae7
- Material
- cv. Arka Garimae7
- Treatment
- elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppme7
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 27.91 %e4
- Comparator
- ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppme7
- Setting
- controlled environment open-top chambere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The number of pods per plant increased by 27.91 % (p<0.001)”
e7“This controlled environment open-top chamber (OTC) experiment evaluated the impact of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on the growth, physiology and yield of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Arka Garima). The study compared 2 CO₂ treatment levels: ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppm and an elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased average pod weight of vegetable cowpea by 18.75% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatae7
- Material
- cv. Arka Garimae7
- Treatment
- elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppme7
- Outcome
- average pod weighte5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Value
- 18.75 %e5
- Comparator
- ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppme7
- Setting
- controlled environment open-top chambere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“an 18.75 % (p<0.001) increase in average pod weight”
e7“This controlled environment open-top chamber (OTC) experiment evaluated the impact of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on the growth, physiology and yield of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Arka Garima). The study compared 2 CO₂ treatment levels: ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppm and an elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased total pod yield per plant of vegetable cowpea by 30.89% compared with ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatae7
- Material
- cv. Arka Garimae7
- Treatment
- elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppme7
- Outcome
- total pod yield per plante6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- 30.89 %e6
- Comparator
- ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppme7
- Setting
- controlled environment open-top chambere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the total pod yield per plant showed a highly significant 30.89 % increase (p<0.001)”
e7“This controlled environment open-top chamber (OTC) experiment evaluated the impact of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on the growth, physiology and yield of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Arka Garima). The study compared 2 CO₂ treatment levels: ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) maintained at 380 ± 25 ppm and an elevated concentration (eCO₂) of 550 ± 25 ppm”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →co2 · physiology: oxidative · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
co2 · physiology: pigments · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
co2 · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.