Abstract
Abstract Background Cowpea is a dryland crop with potential to improve food security in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is mostly produced and consumed. Contemporary plant improvement technologies, including genome editing, marker-assisted selection, and optimized transformation protocols, are being deployed to improve cowpea characteristics. Integrating speed breeding with these technologies would accelerate genetic gain in cowpea breeding. There are established speed breeding protocols for other important legumes, such as soybean, peanut, and chickpea, but none has been previously reported for cowpea. Results With the aid of regulated growth conditions in two different chamber types, as well as the cultivation of new plant generations from seeds of oven-dried immature pods, we developed and validated, for the first time, an efficient speed breeding protocol that accommodates approximately seven to eight breeding generations per year for 3 cowpea genotypes. The 3 cowpea genotypes were evaluated under controlled growth conditions in light-emitting diode and metal halide lamp chambers to determine the effect of CO 2 supplementation on flowering and maturation durations, optimum conditions for plant growth, cross pollination, and pod development. Elevated CO 2 concentration had no influence on either flowering time or pod development. Adequate temperature, relative humidity and light intensity improved plant development and the rate of successful hand pollination, and cultivating seeds of 11-day-old immature pods oven-dried at 39 °C for 2 days resulted in at least a 62% reduction in the time between pollination and sowing of the next plant generation. The plants cultivated from seeds of the oven-dried immature pods showed no defect at any stage of development. Conclusions Using the speed breeding protocol developed in this study, cowpea breeding cycles can be increased from the traditional one cycle per year in the field to as many as 8 generations per year in regulated growth chamber conditions. This protocol has no special technical requirements; hence, it can be implemented in any standard growth chamber. This would fast-track development, testing, validation, and utilization of improved cowpea cultivars.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The speed-breeding protocol accommodates approximately seven to eight cowpea generations per year.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Outcome
- breeding generations per yeare0
- Value
- approximately seven to eight breeding generations per yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an efficient speed breeding protocol that accommodates approximately seven to eight breeding generations per year for 3 cowpea genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had no influence on cowpea flowering time.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- flowering timee0
- Direction
- no influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 concentration had no influence on either flowering time or pod development.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had no influence on cowpea pod development.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- pod developmente0
- Direction
- no influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 concentration had no influence on either flowering time or pod development.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate temperature, humidity, and light improved cowpea plant development.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Adequate temperature, relative humidity and light intensitye0
- Outcome
- plant developmente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adequate temperature, relative humidity and light intensity improved plant development and the rate of successful hand pollination”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate temperature, humidity, and light improved successful hand pollination in cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Adequate temperature, relative humidity and light intensitye0
- Outcome
- rate of successful hand pollinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adequate temperature, relative humidity and light intensity improved plant development and the rate of successful hand pollination”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds from oven-dried immature cowpea pods reduced the interval from pollination to the next sowing by at least 62%.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- cultivating seeds of 11-day-old immature pods oven-dried at 39 °C for 2 dayse0
- Outcome
- time between pollination and sowing of the next plant generatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- at least a 62%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivating seeds of 11-day-old immature pods oven-dried at 39 °C for 2 days resulted in at least a 62% reduction in the time between pollination and sowing of the next plant generation”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants grown from oven-dried immature cowpea pod seeds showed no developmental defects.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- seeds of the oven-dried immature podse0
- Outcome
- no defect at any stage of developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants cultivated from seeds of the oven-dried immature pods showed no defect at any stage of development.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The protocol increases cowpea breeding cycles from one field cycle to as many as eight chamber generations per year.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- breeding cyclese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8 generations per yeare0
- Comparator
- the traditional one cycle per year in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cowpea breeding cycles can be increased from the traditional one cycle per year in the field to as many as 8 generations per year in regulated growth chamber conditions”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.