Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination in paddy soils poses a serious risk to rice safety and human health. To mitigate this issue, we developed a low-temperature, partially pyrolyzed Fe/Mn/Mg-modified biochar (FMM-BC) and evaluated its performance and mechanisms for remediating As-contaminated soil through a pakchoi–rice rotation pot experiment, aiming to reduce As accumulation in rice grains and pakchoi. The results indicated that FMM-BC application altered soil physicochemical properties and As speciation, reducing both water-soluble and bioavailable As and promoting its transformation from exchangeable to more stable organic-bound and residual fractions. Compared with the control, FMM-BC application reduced arsenic content in rice stems, leaves, and brown rice to 1.94 mg∙kg−1, 5.24 mg∙kg−1, and 1.21 mg∙kg−1, respectively. In contrast, unmodified biochar (BC) increased As bioavailability and plant uptake, underscoring the importance of Fe/Mn/Mg modification. FMM-BC also enhanced the translocation of Fe, Mn, and Mg within rice plants, thereby modifying internal As transport dynamics and suppressing its accumulation in aboveground tissues. Under FMM-BC treatment, arsenic content in pakchoi stems and leaves decreased to 1.19 mg∙kg−1 (vs. 1.96 mg∙kg−1 in the control), and brown rice declined to 0.27 mg∙kg−1 (vs. 1.49 mg∙kg−1 in the control)—well below the national food safety threshold (0.35 mg∙kg−1). These findings demonstrate that FMM-BC effectively stabilizes As in contaminated soils and reduces its transfer to edible plant parts, with Fe/Mn/Mg playing a key role in enhancing As immobilization and limiting its mobility within the soil–plant system.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
FMM-BC application reduced water-soluble and bioavailable arsenic in soil.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“FMM-BC application altered soil physicochemical properties and As speciation, reducing both water-soluble and bioavailable As”
Claim · model-written summary
FMM-BC application promoted the transformation of soil arsenic from exchangeable to organic-bound and residual fractions.
- Treatment
- FMM-BC applicatione1
- Outcome
- transformation from exchangeable to more stable organic-bound and residual fractionse2
- Direction
- promotinge2
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“FMM-BC application altered soil physicochemical properties and As speciation, reducing both water-soluble and bioavailable As”
e2“promoting its transformation from exchangeable to more stable organic-bound and residual fractions”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with the control, FMM-BC application reduced arsenic content in rice stems to 1.94 mg∙kg−1.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae3 - Organ / stage
- stemse3
- Treatment
- FMM-BC applicatione3
- Outcome
- arsenic contente3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 1.94 mg∙kg−1e3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Compared with the control, FMM-BC application reduced arsenic content in rice stems, leaves, and brown rice to 1.94 mg∙kg−1, 5.24 mg∙kg−1, and 1.21 mg∙kg−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with the control, FMM-BC application reduced arsenic content in rice leaves to 5.24 mg∙kg−1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- FMM-BC applicatione3
- Outcome
- arsenic contente3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 5.24 mg∙kg−1e3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Compared with the control, FMM-BC application reduced arsenic content in rice stems, leaves, and brown rice to 1.94 mg∙kg−1, 5.24 mg∙kg−1, and 1.21 mg∙kg−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with the control, FMM-BC application reduced arsenic content in brown rice to 1.21 mg∙kg−1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Organ / stage
- brown ricee3
- Treatment
- FMM-BC applicatione3
- Outcome
- arsenic contente3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 1.21 mg∙kg−1e3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Compared with the control, FMM-BC application reduced arsenic content in rice stems, leaves, and brown rice to 1.94 mg∙kg−1, 5.24 mg∙kg−1, and 1.21 mg∙kg−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Unmodified biochar increased arsenic bioavailability and plant uptake in the pakchoi-rice system.
- Taxon
- Pakchoi–Ricet0
- Treatment
- unmodified biochar (BC)e4
- Outcome
- As bioavailability and plant uptakee4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“in a Pakchoi–Rice Rotation System”
e4“In contrast, unmodified biochar (BC) increased As bioavailability and plant uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
FMM-BC enhanced the translocation of Fe, Mn and Mg within rice plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- FMM-BCe0
- Outcome
- translocation of Fe, Mn, and Mge0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FMM-BC also enhanced the translocation of Fe, Mn, and Mg within rice plants, thereby modifying internal As transport dynamics and suppressing its accumulation in aboveground tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
FMM-BC suppressed arsenic accumulation in aboveground tissues of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- aboveground tissuese0
- Treatment
- FMM-BCe0
- Outcome
- accumulatione0
- Direction
- suppressinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FMM-BC also enhanced the translocation of Fe, Mn, and Mg within rice plants, thereby modifying internal As transport dynamics and suppressing its accumulation in aboveground tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Under FMM-BC treatment, arsenic content in pakchoi stems and leaves decreased to 1.19 mg∙kg−1, compared with the control.
Verbatim
e5“Under FMM-BC treatment, arsenic content in pakchoi stems and leaves decreased to 1.19 mg∙kg−1 (vs. 1.96 mg∙kg−1 in the control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under FMM-BC treatment, arsenic content in brown rice declined to 0.27 mg∙kg−1, compared with the control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Organ / stage
- brown ricee6
- Treatment
- FMM-BC treatmente5
- Outcome
- arsenic contente5
- Direction
- declinede6
- Value
- 0.27 mg∙kg−1e6
- Qualifier
- vs. 1.49 mg∙kg−1e6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Under FMM-BC treatment, arsenic content in pakchoi stems and leaves decreased to 1.19 mg∙kg−1 (vs. 1.96 mg∙kg−1 in the control)”
e6“brown rice declined to 0.27 mg∙kg−1 (vs. 1.49 mg∙kg−1 in the control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown rice arsenic under FMM-BC is well below the national food safety threshold.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Organ / stage
- brown ricee6
- Outcome
- arsenic contente5
- Value
- 0.27 mg∙kg−1e6
- Qualifier
- well below the national food safety threshold (0.35 mg∙kg−1)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Under FMM-BC treatment, arsenic content in pakchoi stems and leaves decreased to 1.19 mg∙kg−1 (vs. 1.96 mg∙kg−1 in the control)”
e6“brown rice declined to 0.27 mg∙kg−1 (vs. 1.49 mg∙kg−1 in the control)”
e7“well below the national food safety threshold (0.35 mg∙kg−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
FMM-BC reduces the transfer of arsenic from soil to edible plant parts.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“in a Pakchoi–Rice Rotation System”
e1“These findings demonstrate that FMM-BC effectively stabilizes As in contaminated soils and reduces its transfer to edible plant parts”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe/Mn/Mg modification is proposed to play a key role in enhancing arsenic immobilization in the soil-plant system.
Verbatim
t0“in a Pakchoi–Rice Rotation System”
e2“with Fe/Mn/Mg playing a key role in enhancing As immobilization and limiting its mobility within the soil–plant system”
The same questions in other papers
manganese atom · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →iron atom · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →manganese atom · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →iron atom · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
63 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
85 papers more in this group
See all 89 papers →manganese atom · molecular: metabolites · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
biochar · molecular: metabolites · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →biochar · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →biochar · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
80 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
82 papers more in this group
See all 86 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.