Abstract
The biochars are efficient adsorbent of heavy metals. However, the type of biochar species determines the effectiveness of biochars for immobilization of heavy metals. In this experiment, we mixed different biochars in variable mass ratios and evaluated their effects on plant growth and bioavailability of heavy metals. The results revealed that amendment of single and mixed biochars has increased pH, EC, available P and K of soil. The straw block biochar with maize straw biochar at a mass ratio of 1:2 (SDM) has significantly decreased Pb and Cu concentration in soil. The straw block biochar with maize straw biochar at a mass ratio of 2:1 (DSM) has highly increased the dry biomass of Chinese cabbage than single biochar or control, whereas plant physiological properties were mostly not affected. It is concluded that peanut shell biochar with maize straw biochar at a mass ratio of 2:1 (DPS) and DSM have significantly decreased Pb, Zn and Cu concentration in plants. The single peanut shell biochar has significantly decreased the plant Cd concentration. The ability of transport of heavy metals in Chinese cabbage was in the sequence of Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb. The mixing of different biochars has decreased the concentration of heavy metals in plants more effectively than single biochar.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Single and mixed biochars increased soil pH, EC, available P and K.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1 - Treatment
- single and mixed biocharse0
- Outcome
- pH, EC, available P and K of soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amendment of single and mixed biochars has increased pH, EC, available P and K of soil.”
e1“dry biomass of Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1:2 straw block and maize straw biochar mixture significantly decreased soil Pb and Cu.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- straw block biochar with maize straw biochar at a mass ratio of 1:2 (SDM)e0
- Outcome
- Pb and Cu concentration in soile0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The straw block biochar with maize straw biochar at a mass ratio of 1:2 (SDM) has significantly decreased Pb and Cu concentration in soil.”
e1“dry biomass of Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2:1 straw block and maize straw biochar mixture increased Chinese cabbage dry biomass relative to single biochar or control.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Treatment
- straw block biochar with maize straw biochar at a mass ratio of 2:1 (DSM)e0
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- single biochar or controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The straw block biochar with maize straw biochar at a mass ratio of 2:1 (DSM) has highly increased the dry biomass of Chinese cabbage than single biochar or control”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant physiological properties were mostly unaffected by the mixture.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- DSMe2
- Outcome
- plant physiological propertiese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas plant physiological properties were mostly not affected.”
e1“dry biomass of Chinese cabbage”
e2“(DSM)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2:1 peanut shell and maize straw biochar mixture significantly decreased plant Pb, Zn and Cu.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- peanut shell biochar with maize straw biochar at a mass ratio of 2:1 (DPS)e0
- Outcome
- Pb, Zn and Cu concentration in plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peanut shell biochar with maize straw biochar at a mass ratio of 2:1 (DPS) and DSM have significantly decreased Pb, Zn and Cu concentration in plants.”
e1“dry biomass of Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
DSM significantly decreased plant Pb, Zn and Cu.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- DSMe0
- Outcome
- Pb, Zn and Cu concentration in plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DPS) and DSM have significantly decreased Pb, Zn and Cu concentration in plants.”
e1“dry biomass of Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Single peanut shell biochar significantly decreased plant Cd concentration.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- single peanut shell biochare0
- Outcome
- plant Cd concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The single peanut shell biochar has significantly decreased the plant Cd concentration.”
e1“dry biomass of Chinese cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Metal transport ability in Chinese cabbage ranked Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Outcome
- ability of transport of heavy metalse0
- Qualifier
- Cd > Zn > Cu > Pbe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ability of transport of heavy metals in Chinese cabbage was in the sequence of Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed biochars decreased plant heavy metals more effectively than single biochar.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise1
- Treatment
- mixing of different biocharse0
- Outcome
- concentration of heavy metals in plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- single biochare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mixing of different biochars has decreased the concentration of heavy metals in plants more effectively than single biochar.”
e1“dry biomass of Chinese cabbage”
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