Abstract
Abstract Brown spot is one of the most devasting and prevalent disease of rice and its control is mainly dependent on fungicide application. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of Si and Mn on the development of brown spot on rice plants grown in hydroponic culture. Rice plants (cv. ‘Metica‐1’) were grown in plastic pots containing 0 or 2 m m Si (−Si and +Si treatments, respectively) with three Mn rates (0.5, 2.5 and 10 μ m ). Plants were inoculated with B. oryzae 39 days after emergence. The following components of resistance were evaluated: incubation period (IP), number of lesions (NL) per cm 2 of leaf area, real disease severity (RDS) and area under brown spot progress curve (AUBSPC). The content of Si and Mn in the plant tissues was also determined. Si content was significantly higher in rice tissue of plants of the +Si treatment than of the −Si treatment regardless of the Mn rates used. The Mn rates did not affect the Si content of the rice plants. The Mn content of the rice tissues was significantly higher in the −Si treatment than on +Si treatment, regardless of the Mn rate used. The Mn content was significantly lower at 0.5 μ m Mn in comparison to the other rates for both −Si and +Si treatments. The IP of brown spot on rice leaves significantly increased in the +Si treatment; but the Mn rates in the presence of Si had no effect on IP. In the −Si treatment, the IP was significantly higher only at the rate of 2.5 μ m . The NL, RDS and AUBSPC were significantly reduced in the +Si treatment regardless of the Mn rates. The Mn rates in the presence of Si had no effect on these components of resistance. Overall, Si dramatically impacted the development of brown spot regardless of the presence of Mn at either low or high rates. This may be useful in regions where the soil has either toxic or deficient levels of Mn and cultivars with brown spot resistance are not commercially available.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supply significantly increased Si content in rice tissue, regardless of Mn rate.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae2 - Material
- Metica‐1e2
- Organ / stage
- rice tissuee0
- Treatment
- +Si treatmente0
- Outcome
- Si contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- −Si treatmente0
- Setting
- hydroponic culturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si content was significantly higher in rice tissue of plants of the +Si treatment than of the −Si treatment regardless of the Mn rates used”
e1“rice plants grown in hydroponic culture”
e2“Rice plants (cv. ‘Metica‐1’) were grown in plastic pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn content of rice tissue was significantly higher without silicon (−Si) than with silicon (+Si), regardless of Mn rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Material
- Metica‐1e2
- Organ / stage
- rice tissuese0
- Treatment
- −Si treatmente0
- Outcome
- Mn contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- +Si treatmente0
- Setting
- hydroponic culturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Mn content of the rice tissues was significantly higher in the −Si treatment than on +Si treatment”
e1“rice plants grown in hydroponic culture”
e2“Rice plants (cv. ‘Metica‐1’) were grown in plastic pots”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.5 μm Mn, Mn content was significantly lower than at the other Mn rates in both −Si and +Si treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- Metica‐1e1
- Treatment
- 0.5 μ m Mne0
- Outcome
- Mn contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the other ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Mn content was significantly lower at 0.5 μ m Mn in comparison to the other rates for both −Si and +Si treatments”
e1“Rice plants (cv. ‘Metica‐1’) were grown in plastic pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown spot incubation period on rice leaves was significantly increased by the +Si treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Metica‐1e2
- Treatment
- +Si treatmente0
- Interactor
- B. oryzaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- IP of brown spot on rice leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- hydroponic culturee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IP of brown spot on rice leaves significantly increased in the +Si treatment”
e1“Plants were inoculated with B. oryzae 39 days after emergence”
e2“Rice plants (cv. ‘Metica‐1’) were grown in plastic pots”
e3“rice plants grown in hydroponic culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn rates had no effect on the brown spot incubation period in the presence of Si.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Mn ratese0
- Interactor
- B. oryzaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- IPe0
- Direction
- had no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but the Mn rates in the presence of Si had no effect on IP”
e1“Plants were inoculated with B. oryzae 39 days after emergence”
e2“Rice plants (cv. ‘Metica‐1’) were grown in plastic pots”
Claim · model-written summary
In the −Si treatment, the brown spot incubation period was significantly higher only at 2.5 μm Mn.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Material
- Metica‐1e2
- Treatment
- −Si treatmente0
- Interactor
- B. oryzaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- IPe0
- Direction
- significantly highere0
- Qualifier
- only at the rate of 2.5 μ me0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the −Si treatment, the IP was significantly higher only at the rate of 2.5 μ m”
e1“Plants were inoculated with B. oryzae 39 days after emergence”
e2“Rice plants (cv. ‘Metica‐1’) were grown in plastic pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Lesion number, real disease severity and AUBSPC of brown spot were significantly reduced in the +Si treatment regardless of Mn rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Material
- Metica‐1e2
- Treatment
- +Si treatmente0
- Interactor
- B. oryzaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- NL, RDS and AUBSPCe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NL, RDS and AUBSPC were significantly reduced in the +Si treatment regardless of the Mn rates”
e1“Plants were inoculated with B. oryzae 39 days after emergence”
e2“Rice plants (cv. ‘Metica‐1’) were grown in plastic pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn rates had no effect on the components of brown spot resistance in the presence of Si.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Mn ratese0
- Interactor
- B. oryzaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- components of resistancee0
- Direction
- had no effecte0
- Qualifier
- in the presence of Sie0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Mn rates in the presence of Si had no effect on these components of resistance”
e1“Plants were inoculated with B. oryzae 39 days after emergence”
e2“Rice plants (cv. ‘Metica‐1’) were grown in plastic pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon dramatically impacted the development of brown spot regardless of Mn rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Interactor
- B. oryzaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- development of brown spote0
- Direction
- dramatically impactede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, Si dramatically impacted the development of brown spot regardless of the presence of Mn at either low or high rates”
e1“Plants were inoculated with B. oryzae 39 days after emergence”
e2“Rice plants (cv. ‘Metica‐1’) were grown in plastic pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon may be useful for rice in regions with toxic or deficient soil Mn where brown spot resistant cultivars are not available.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- may be useful in regions where the soil has either toxic or deficient levels of Mne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This may be useful in regions where the soil has either toxic or deficient levels of Mn and cultivars with brown spot resistance are not commercially available”
e1“Rice plants (cv. ‘Metica‐1’) were grown in plastic pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn rates did not affect the Si content of rice plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Metica‐1e1
- Treatment
- Mn ratese0
- Outcome
- Si contente0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Mn rates did not affect the Si content of the rice plants”
e1“Rice plants (cv. ‘Metica‐1’) were grown in plastic pots”
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