Abstract
Fruit pigmentation serves as a critical phenotypic indicator of commercial quality in tomato. The strategic application of exogenous plant growth regulators has emerged as a sustainable approach for quality enhancement. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), as a natural plant growth regulator, has been demonstrated to promote plant growth and enhance fruit quality. In this study, the impact of ALA on the color and quality changes during tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum cv. 184) fruit red ripe was investigated. Fruit at the fruit setting stage was treated with 200 mg·L −1 ALA, and the content of intermediate products in chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis, as well as the activities of related enzymes and gene expression levels, were dynamically monitored. Additionally, color parameters of fruit peel, soluble sugar and organic acid components were determined. Results indicated that ALA significantly upregulated the expression of genes related to chlorophyll degradation (including SlCLH2, SlPPH , and SlSGR ). Meanwhile, the expression levels of genes involved in carotenoid synthesis upregulated by exogenous ALA, and the activities of enzymes were also significantly enhanced, including PDS, PSY, and LCYB, which leading to higher levels of lycopene, β-carotene, and other carotenoids accumulated in tomato fruits, thereby improving changes of fruit color. Besides, 200 mg·L −1 ALA treatment significantly increased the content of glucose and fructose in the fruit, while reducing the content of malic acid and citric acid, thus enhancing the sugar-acid ratio of the fruit. In conclusion, treatment with 200 mg·L −1 ALA can effectively promote the carotenoids biosynthesis and accumulation while improving fruit flavor quality.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
ALA increased expression of chlorophyll degradation genes.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- ALAe0
- Gene
- SlCLH2, SlPPH , and SlSGRe0
- Outcome
- expression of genes related to chlorophyll degradatione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ALA significantly upregulated the expression of genes related to chlorophyll degradation (including SlCLH2, SlPPH , and SlSGR )”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA increased expression of carotenoid synthesis genes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous ALAe0
- Outcome
- expression levels of genes involved in carotenoid synthesise0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression levels of genes involved in carotenoid synthesis upregulated by exogenous ALA”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA increased PDS, PSY and LCYB enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous ALAe1
- Gene
- PDS, PSY, and LCYBe0
- Outcome
- activities of enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of enzymes were also significantly enhanced, including PDS, PSY, and LCYB”
t0“tomato”
e1“exogenous ALA”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA raised lycopene and β-carotene accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous ALAe1
- Outcome
- lycopene, β-carotene, and other carotenoidse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher levels of lycopene, β-carotene, and other carotenoids accumulated in tomato fruits”
e1“exogenous ALA”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA improved fruit color.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous ALAe1
- Outcome
- fruit colore0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby improving changes of fruit color”
t0“tomato”
e1“exogenous ALA”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA increased fruit glucose and fructose.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 200 mg·L −1 ALA treatmente0
- Outcome
- content of glucose and fructosee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“200 mg·L −1 ALA treatment significantly increased the content of glucose and fructose in the fruit”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA reduced fruit malic and citric acid.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 200 mg·L −1 ALA treatmente1
- Outcome
- content of malic acid and citric acide0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing the content of malic acid and citric acid”
t0“tomato”
e1“200 mg·L −1 ALA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA enhanced the fruit sugar-acid ratio.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 200 mg·L −1 ALA treatmente1
- Outcome
- sugar-acid ratioe0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancing the sugar-acid ratio of the fruit”
t0“tomato”
e1“200 mg·L −1 ALA treatment”
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