Abstract
Wilt disease of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceri (Pudwick) Synd. and Hans. is serious problems across the country. The experiment was conducted at the farm College of Agriculture, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner in for two crop seasons 2007-08 and 2008-09 to manage the wilt disease of chickpea. Chickpea variety RSG- 44 was used for this experiment. For the purpose, two antagonist, i.e. Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens were applied as seed treatment (alone @ 8 g/ kg seeds; in combination of both bioagents @ 4 g + 4 g/ kg seeds) and soil application (alone @ 10 kg/ ha; in combination of both bioagents @ 5 kg + 5 kg/ ha) along with FYM @ 5, 10, and 15 tonnes/ ha in the field. Minimum wilt disease incidence 23.65% and 25.35% was found in the treatment T12: T. harzianum+P. fluorescens seed treatment (4+4) kg/seed) and soil application (5+5) kg/ha along with FYM @15 tonnes/ h followed by T11:T. harzianum +P. fluorescens seed treatment (4+4) kg/seed) and soil application (5+5) kg/ha along with FYM @10 tonnes/ ha (27.67 and 28.61%) and T8: P. fluorescens ST (8 g/ kg seed + SA (10 kg/ h + FYM 15 tonnes/ha (28.51 and 29.48%) in 2007-08 and 2008-09 under field conditions respectively. The plant growth, i.e. root and shoot lengths, dry weight and seed yield were found higher when T. harzianum and P. fluorescens were used along with higher dose of FYM, i.e. 15 tonnes/ha. A significant variation was recorded among the treatments. The organic carbon content of the soil was increased by increasing the dose of FYM from 5 to 15 tonnes/h irrespective of bioagents. The Fusarium population was suppressed by the two bioagents used alone or in combinations. The population of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens was higher in rhizosphere soil when FYM was applied at higher dose (15 tonnes/ha). Our result findings indicate that microbial bioagents and FYM have synergistic effect on reducing the wilt incidence in chickpea and promote the plant growth significantly.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum chickpea wilt incidence in 2007-08 was 23.65% with T. harzianum + P. fluorescens seed treatment and soil application along with FYM at 15 tonnes/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- T. harzianum+P. fluorescens seed treatment (4+4) kg/seed) and soil application (5+5) kg/ha along with FYM @15 tonnes/ he1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceri
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporumt1pathogen - Second interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- wilt disease incidencee1
- Direction
- Minimume1
- Value
- 23.65%e1
- Qualifier
- 2007-08e2
- Setting
- field conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceri”
e1“Minimum wilt disease incidence 23.65% and 25.35% was found in the treatment T12: T. harzianum+P. fluorescens seed treatment (4+4) kg/seed) and soil application (5+5) kg/ha along with FYM @15 tonnes/ h”
e2“in 2007-08 and 2008-09 under field conditions respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum chickpea wilt incidence in 2008-09 was 25.35% with T. harzianum + P. fluorescens seed treatment and soil application along with FYM at 15 tonnes/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum+P. fluorescens seed treatment (4+4) kg/seed) and soil application (5+5) kg/ha along with FYM @15 tonnes/ he1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceriFusarium oxysporumt1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- wilt disease incidencee1
- Direction
- Minimume1
- Value
- 25.35%e1
- Qualifier
- 2008-09e2
- Setting
- field conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceri”
e1“Minimum wilt disease incidence 23.65% and 25.35% was found in the treatment T12: T. harzianum+P. fluorescens seed treatment (4+4) kg/seed) and soil application (5+5) kg/ha along with FYM @15 tonnes/ h”
e2“in 2007-08 and 2008-09 under field conditions respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea wilt incidence in 2007-08 was 27.67% with T. harzianum + P. fluorescens seed treatment and soil application along with FYM at 10 tonnes/ha, the next-best treatment.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum +P. fluorescens seed treatment (4+4) kg/seed) and soil application (5+5) kg/ha along with FYM @10 tonnes/ hae1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceriFusarium oxysporumt1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- wilt disease incidencee3
- Value
- 27.67e1
- Qualifier
- 2007-08e2
- Setting
- field conditionse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceri”
e1“T11:T. harzianum +P. fluorescens seed treatment (4+4) kg/seed) and soil application (5+5) kg/ha along with FYM @10 tonnes/ ha (27.67 and 28.61%)”
e2“in 2007-08 and 2008-09 under field conditions respectively”
e3“wilt disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea wilt incidence in 2008-09 was 28.61% with T. harzianum + P. fluorescens seed treatment and soil application along with FYM at 10 tonnes/ha, the next-best treatment.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum +P. fluorescens seed treatment (4+4) kg/seed) and soil application (5+5) kg/ha along with FYM @10 tonnes/ hae1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceriFusarium oxysporumt1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- wilt disease incidencee3
- Value
- 28.61%e1
- Qualifier
- 2008-09e2
- Setting
- field conditionse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceri”
e1“T11:T. harzianum +P. fluorescens seed treatment (4+4) kg/seed) and soil application (5+5) kg/ha along with FYM @10 tonnes/ ha (27.67 and 28.61%)”
e2“in 2007-08 and 2008-09 under field conditions respectively”
e3“wilt disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea wilt incidence in 2007-08 was 28.51% with P. fluorescens seed treatment plus soil application and FYM at 15 tonnes/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens ST (8 g/ kg seed + SA (10 kg/ h + FYM 15 tonnes/hae1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceriFusarium oxysporumt1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- wilt disease incidencee3
- Value
- 28.51e1
- Qualifier
- 2007-08e2
- Setting
- field conditionse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceri”
e1“T8: P. fluorescens ST (8 g/ kg seed + SA (10 kg/ h + FYM 15 tonnes/ha (28.51 and 29.48%)”
e2“in 2007-08 and 2008-09 under field conditions respectively”
e3“wilt disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea wilt incidence in 2008-09 was 29.48% with P. fluorescens seed treatment plus soil application and FYM at 15 tonnes/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens ST (8 g/ kg seed + SA (10 kg/ h + FYM 15 tonnes/hae1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceriFusarium oxysporumt1pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- wilt disease incidencee3
- Value
- 29.48%e1
- Qualifier
- 2008-09e2
- Setting
- field conditionse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceri”
e1“T8: P. fluorescens ST (8 g/ kg seed + SA (10 kg/ h + FYM 15 tonnes/ha (28.51 and 29.48%)”
e2“in 2007-08 and 2008-09 under field conditions respectively”
e3“wilt disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea root and shoot lengths and dry weight were higher when T. harzianum and P. fluorescens were used with the higher FYM dose of 15 tonnes/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum and P. fluorescens were used along with higher dose of FYMe1
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root and shoot lengths, dry weighte1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“The plant growth, i.e. root and shoot lengths, dry weight and seed yield were found higher when T. harzianum and P. fluorescens were used along with higher dose of FYM, i.e. 15 tonnes/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea seed yield was higher when T. harzianum and P. fluorescens were used with the higher FYM dose of 15 tonnes/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum and P. fluorescens were used along with higher dose of FYMe1
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“The plant growth, i.e. root and shoot lengths, dry weight and seed yield were found higher when T. harzianum and P. fluorescens were used along with higher dose of FYM, i.e. 15 tonnes/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic carbon content increased with increasing FYM dose from 5 to 15 tonnes/ha irrespective of bioagents.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- increasing the dose of FYM from 5 to 15 tonnes/he1
- Outcome
- organic carbon content of the soile1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“The organic carbon content of the soil was increased by increasing the dose of FYM from 5 to 15 tonnes/h irrespective of bioagents”
Claim · model-written summary
The Fusarium population was suppressed by the two bioagents used alone or in combination.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- the two bioagents used alone or in combinationse1
- Outcome
- Fusarium populatione1
- Direction
- suppressede1
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“The Fusarium population was suppressed by the two bioagents used alone or in combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
Populations of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens in rhizosphere soil were higher when FYM was applied at the higher dose of 15 tonnes/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Organ / stage
- rhizosphere soile1
- Treatment
- FYM was applied at higher dose (15 tonnes/ha)e1
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population of T. harzianum and P. fluorescense1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“The population of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens was higher in rhizosphere soil when FYM was applied at higher dose (15 tonnes/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial bioagents and FYM have a synergistic effect on reducing wilt incidence in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- microbial bioagents and FYMe1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceriFusarium oxysporumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- wilt incidencee1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Qualifier
- synergistic effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f sp ciceri”
e1“microbial bioagents and FYM have synergistic effect on reducing the wilt incidence in chickpea and promote the plant growth significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial bioagents and FYM significantly promote chickpea plant growth.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- microbial bioagents and FYMe1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- promotee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“microbial bioagents and FYM have synergistic effect on reducing the wilt incidence in chickpea and promote the plant growth significantly”
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See all 8 papers →8 of 16 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.