Abstract
BACKGROUND: Soil salinization severely affects plant growth and development and has become one of the important abiotic stresses limiting crop growth. To improve soybean yield in saline soils, it is important to understand how soybean responds to salt stress and gain insight into the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the physiology and molecular expression of soybean (YC03-3) under different salt concentrations by evaluating morphophysiological and transcriptomic approaches. RESULTS: In this study, we first analysed the effects of salt stress on soybean leaf and root growth at the physiological level. Salt stress significantly decreased the soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment contents and significantly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents of both soybean leaves and roots. Salt stress decreased the nitrogen (N) concentration in leaves but had no effect on the N concentration in roots. Transcriptome sequencing identified 10,508 and 10,827 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and roots, respectively. Among these, 2,549 DEGs were co-responsive in both tissues, while 1,601 showed differential responses (e.g., upregulated in one tissue but downregulated in the other).Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that KEGG pathways for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were enriched in both soybean roots and leaves under salt stress. In addition, three genes, Glyma.17G230500, Glyma.11G003600, and Glyma.09G192800, were screened by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). These genes may play a key role in breeding salt-tolerant soybeans. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that salt treatment significantly inhibits the growth of soybeans, leading to decreases in the contents of photosynthetic pigments and enhancement of antioxidant enzyme systems in the roots and leaves of soybean plants. As a result, ROS accumulate and MDA levels increase. In addition, the assimilation and transport of ions in soybeans were affected by salt stress. Transcriptome analysis showed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was significantly enriched in soybean roots and leaves under salt stress conditions. In addition, three genes, Glyma.17G230500, Glyma.11G003600 and Glyma.09G192800, were identified by WGCNA screening.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment contents in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress significantly decreased the soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment contents and significantly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents of both soybean leaves and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased MDA and ROS contents in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress significantly decreased the soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment contents and significantly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents of both soybean leaves and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased leaf nitrogen concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N) concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress decreased the nitrogen (N) concentration in leaves”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress had no effect on root nitrogen concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- N concentratione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had no effect on the N concentration in roots”
e1“Salt stress decreased the nitrogen (N) concentration in leaves but had no effect on the N concentration in roots”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf transcriptome contained 10,508 DEGs.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 10,508e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptome sequencing identified 10,508 and 10,827 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and roots, respectively”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Root transcriptome contained 10,827 DEGs.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Value
- 10,827e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptome sequencing identified 10,508 and 10,827 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and roots, respectively”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
2,549 DEGs responded in both tissues.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- DEGs were co-responsive in both tissuese0
- Value
- 2,549e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,549 DEGs were co-responsive in both tissues”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
1,601 DEGs responded differently between tissues.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- differential responsese0
- Value
- 1,601e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1,601 showed differential responses (e.g., upregulated in one tissue but downregulated in the other)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways were enriched in both roots and leaves under salt.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- KEGG pathways for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were enrichede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KEGG pathways for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were enriched in both soybean roots and leaves under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
WGCNA identified Glyma.17G230500.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- Glyma.17G230500e0
- Outcome
- were screened by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA)e0
- Value
- three genese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genes, Glyma.17G230500, Glyma.11G003600, and Glyma.09G192800, were screened by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
WGCNA identified Glyma.11G003600.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- Glyma.11G003600e0
- Outcome
- were screened by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genes, Glyma.17G230500, Glyma.11G003600, and Glyma.09G192800, were screened by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
WGCNA identified Glyma.09G192800.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- Glyma.09G192800e0
- Outcome
- were screened by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genes, Glyma.17G230500, Glyma.11G003600, and Glyma.09G192800, were screened by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt inhibited soybean growth.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt treatment significantly inhibits the growth of soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt enhanced antioxidant enzyme systems in soybean roots and leaves.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme systemse0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancement of antioxidant enzyme systems in the roots and leaves of soybean plants”
e1“salt treatment significantly inhibits the growth of soybeans, leading to decreases in the contents of photosynthetic pigments and enhancement of antioxidant enzyme systems in the roots and leaves of soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt affected ion assimilation and transport in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- assimilation and transport of ionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“assimilation and transport of ions in soybeans were affected by salt stress”
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