Abstract
The objective of this work was to assess the association of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), S-ABA (abscisic acid), and ethephon on color development and anthocyanin accumulation in berries, as well as on other quality attributes of ‘Benitaka’ and ‘Rubi’ table grapes grown in a subtropical region, in addition to postharvest conservation of clusters and vine regrowth. As a statistical model, a randomized block design consisting of nine treatments and four replications was used. The treatments included different associations of ACC, S-ABA, and ethephon, by using the commercial formulations Accede®, ProTone®, and Ethrel® containing 400 g kg−1 of ACC, 100 g L−1 of S-ABA, and 720 g L−1 of ethephon, respectively. The total anthocyanins, berry color index (CIRG), physicochemical characteristics, and cluster color coverage were assessed weekly, while berry firmness was assessed at harvest. After being harvested, the clusters were placed under cold storage at 1.0 ± 1.0 °C, and after 45 days, their postharvest attributes were assessed, as well as the vine regrowth in the following season. The exogenous and combined application of compounds at véraison was demonstrated to be a strategy to trigger the development of color in ‘Benitaka’ and ‘Rubi’ table grapes. For the ‘Benitaka’ table grape, the clusters treated with the different combinations of ACC and S-ABA, ethephon and S-ABA, or ethephon alone resulted in the highest concentration of total anthocyanins and the highest CIRG means (4.90; 4.86; 4.82; 4.81, 4.73, and 4.70 mg g−1 for anthocyanins, and 6.12, 6.08, 5.97, 5.92, 5.85, and 5.74 for CIRG, respectively). For the ‘Rubi’ table grape, the combinations of ACC and S-ABA at 7 days after véraison (DAV), or ethephon and S-ABA at 7 and 14 days, resulted in higher means of anthocyanins and CIRG (3.86, 3.51, and 3.40 mg g−1 for anthocyanins and 5.05, 4.68, 4.82, and 4.79 for CIRG, respectively). Furthermore, the firmness of the berries of both cultivars remained unchanged, and after 45 days of cold storage, no reduction in the quality of the evaluated postharvest attributes was found. It was concluded that a single application of ACC 0.20 g L−1 + S-ABA 0.250 g L−1 at 7 DAV was sufficient to promote the accumulation of anthocyanins and resulted in an intense and uniform color in the berries for both varieties assessed, with no adverse impacts on the postharvest conservation of the clusters or on the regrowth of the vines. The significance of this research was to demonstrate that table grapes with insufficient skin color can be improved through a combination of S-ABA and ACC at lower concentrations of active ingredients.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
In ‘Benitaka’ table grape, clusters treated with combinations of ACC and S-ABA, ethephon and S-ABA, or ethephon alone had the highest total anthocyanin concentrations (4.90; 4.86; 4.82; 4.81, 4.73 and 4.70 mg g−1).
- Taxon
- table grapee0
- Material
- Benitakae0
- Treatment
- combinations of ACC and S-ABA, ethephon and S-ABA, or ethephon alonee0
- Outcome
- total anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.90; 4.86; 4.82; 4.81, 4.73, and 4.70 mg g−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“For the ‘Benitaka’ table grape, the clusters treated with the different combinations of ACC and S-ABA, ethephon and S-ABA, or ethephon alone resulted in the highest concentration of total anthocyanins and the highest CIRG means (4.90; 4.86; 4.82; 4.81, 4.73, and 4.70 mg g−1 for anthocyanins, and 6.12, 6.08, 5.97, 5.92, 5.85, and 5.74 for CIRG, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
In ‘Benitaka’ table grape, the same treatments gave the highest berry color index (CIRG) means (6.12, 6.08, 5.97, 5.92, 5.85 and 5.74).
- Taxon
- table grapee0
- Material
- Benitakae0
- Treatment
- combinations of ACC and S-ABA, ethephon and S-ABA, or ethephon alonee0
- Outcome
- CIRG meanse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.12, 6.08, 5.97, 5.92, 5.85, and 5.74e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“For the ‘Benitaka’ table grape, the clusters treated with the different combinations of ACC and S-ABA, ethephon and S-ABA, or ethephon alone resulted in the highest concentration of total anthocyanins and the highest CIRG means (4.90; 4.86; 4.82; 4.81, 4.73, and 4.70 mg g−1 for anthocyanins, and 6.12, 6.08, 5.97, 5.92, 5.85, and 5.74 for CIRG, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
In ‘Rubi’ table grape, ACC with S-ABA at 7 DAV or ethephon with S-ABA at 7 and 14 days gave higher anthocyanin means (3.86, 3.51 and 3.40 mg g−1).
- Taxon
- table grapee0
- Material
- Rubie0
- Treatment
- combinations of ACC and S-ABA at 7 days after véraison (DAV), or ethephon and S-ABA at 7 and 14 dayse0
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.86, 3.51, and 3.40 mg g−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“For the ‘Rubi’ table grape, the combinations of ACC and S-ABA at 7 days after véraison (DAV), or ethephon and S-ABA at 7 and 14 days, resulted in higher means of anthocyanins and CIRG (3.86, 3.51, and 3.40 mg g−1 for anthocyanins and 5.05, 4.68, 4.82, and 4.79 for CIRG, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
In ‘Rubi’ table grape, the same treatments gave higher CIRG means (5.05, 4.68, 4.82 and 4.79).
- Taxon
- table grapee0
- Material
- Rubie0
- Treatment
- combinations of ACC and S-ABA at 7 days after véraison (DAV), or ethephon and S-ABA at 7 and 14 dayse0
- Outcome
- CIRGe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.05, 4.68, 4.82, and 4.79e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“For the ‘Rubi’ table grape, the combinations of ACC and S-ABA at 7 days after véraison (DAV), or ethephon and S-ABA at 7 and 14 days, resulted in higher means of anthocyanins and CIRG (3.86, 3.51, and 3.40 mg g−1 for anthocyanins and 5.05, 4.68, 4.82, and 4.79 for CIRG, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry firmness of both cultivars remained unchanged after the exogenous application of the compounds.
- Taxon
- Table Grapest0
- Treatment
- exogenous and combined application of compounds at véraisone1
- Outcome
- firmness of the berriese0
- Direction
- remained unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the firmness of the berries of both cultivars remained unchanged”
e1“The exogenous and combined application of compounds at véraison”
t0“‘Benitaka’ and ‘Rubi’ Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
After 45 days of cold storage, no reduction in the quality of the evaluated postharvest attributes was found in treated grape clusters.
- Taxon
- Table Grapest0
- Treatment
- exogenous and combined application of compounds at véraisone1
- Outcome
- quality of the evaluated postharvest attributese0
- Direction
- no reductione0
- Qualifier
- after 45 days of cold storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“after 45 days of cold storage, no reduction in the quality of the evaluated postharvest attributes was found”
e1“The exogenous and combined application of compounds at véraison”
t0“‘Benitaka’ and ‘Rubi’ Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that a single application of ACC 0.20 g L−1 + S-ABA 0.250 g L−1 at 7 DAV sufficed to promote anthocyanin accumulation and give intense, uniform berry color in both varieties.
Verbatim
e0“a single application of ACC 0.20 g L−1 + S-ABA 0.250 g L−1 at 7 DAV was sufficient to promote the accumulation of anthocyanins and resulted in an intense and uniform color in the berries for both varieties assessed”
t0“‘Benitaka’ and ‘Rubi’ Table Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
The ACC plus S-ABA application had no adverse impacts on postharvest conservation of clusters or on vine regrowth.
- Taxon
- Table Grapest0
- Treatment
- single application of ACC 0.20 g L−1 + S-ABA 0.250 g L−1 at 7 DAVe1
- Outcome
- regrowth of the vinese0
- Direction
- no adverse impactse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“with no adverse impacts on the postharvest conservation of the clusters or on the regrowth of the vines”
e1“a single application of ACC 0.20 g L−1 + S-ABA 0.250 g L−1 at 7 DAV”
t0“‘Benitaka’ and ‘Rubi’ Table Grapes”
The same questions in other papers
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · growth · VitisPositive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · quality: phytochemicals · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
4-sulfanilamidobenzoic acid · quality: phytochemicals · VitisResults agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · quality: phytochemicals · VitisResults agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.