Abstract
This study aimed to assess, for the first time, the exogenous application of a new formulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) developed for agricultural use at different concentrations as a strategy to trigger color development in table grapes grown in the subtropics. Trials were conducted in commercial vineyards of ‘Benitaka’ and ‘Rubi’ grapes located in a subtropical area in the South of Brazil. For each cultivar, a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications was used as the statistical model. Treatments included various concentrations of a formulation containing 400 g kg−1 of ACC: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 g 100 L−1, as well as a standard concentration of a formulation containing 100 g L−1 of abscisic acid (S-ABA): 3.2 L ha−1. Treatments were exogenously applied at véraison, and for each cultivar, two trials were conducted independently, including two methods of application: to the entire canopy of the vines or only to the bunches, totaling four independent trials. The concentration of total anthocyanins and the color index of the berries were assessed weekly, whereas visual sensory analysis of the color coverage of the berries was performed at harvest. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance using R-Studio software. A single exogenous application of ACC, ranging from 75 g 100 L−1 to 125 g 100 L−1, intensified berry color by increasing the total anthocyanin concentration in berry skins. For ‘Benitaka’ grape, applications of ACC to the entire canopy of vines or only to bunches ranging from 75 g 100 L−1 to 100 g 100 L−1 resulted in enough color coverage, while for ‘Rubi’, ACC at 100 g 100 L−1 was enough to intensify and to uniform the red color of berries, as well as the application of S-ABA at 3.2 L ha−1, with no negative impact to the bunches or vines.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
A single exogenous ACC application of 75 to 125 g 100 L−1 intensified berry colour in table grapes.
- Taxon
- table grapese0
- Treatment
- A single exogenous application of ACC, ranging from 75 g 100 L−1 to 125 g 100 L−1e2
- Outcome
- berry colore2
- Direction
- intensifiede2
- Setting
- subtropical area in the South of Brazile1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“trigger color development in table grapes grown in the subtropics”
e1“grapes located in a subtropical area in the South of Brazil”
e2“A single exogenous application of ACC, ranging from 75 g 100 L−1 to 125 g 100 L−1, intensified berry color by increasing the total anthocyanin concentration in berry skins”
Claim · model-written summary
A single exogenous ACC application of 75 to 125 g 100 L−1 increased total anthocyanin concentration in berry skins of table grapes.
- Taxon
- table grapese0
- Treatment
- A single exogenous application of ACC, ranging from 75 g 100 L−1 to 125 g 100 L−1e2
- Outcome
- total anthocyanin concentration in berry skinse2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Setting
- subtropical area in the South of Brazile1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“trigger color development in table grapes grown in the subtropics”
e1“grapes located in a subtropical area in the South of Brazil”
e2“A single exogenous application of ACC, ranging from 75 g 100 L−1 to 125 g 100 L−1, intensified berry color by increasing the total anthocyanin concentration in berry skins”
Claim · model-written summary
For ‘Benitaka’ grapes, ACC applied to the whole canopy or only to bunches at 75 to 100 g 100 L−1 gave enough colour coverage.
- Taxon
- table grapese0
- Material
- Benitakae3
- Treatment
- applications of ACC to the entire canopy of vines or only to bunchese3
- Outcome
- color coveragee3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Setting
- subtropical area in the South of Brazile1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“trigger color development in table grapes grown in the subtropics”
e1“grapes located in a subtropical area in the South of Brazil”
e3“For ‘Benitaka’ grape, applications of ACC to the entire canopy of vines or only to bunches ranging from 75 g 100 L−1 to 100 g 100 L−1 resulted in enough color coverage”
Claim · model-written summary
For ‘Rubi’ grapes, ACC at 100 g 100 L−1 was enough to intensify the red colour of berries.
- Taxon
- table grapese0
- Material
- Rubie4
- Treatment
- ACC at 100 g 100 L−1e4
- Outcome
- red color of berriese4
- Direction
- intensifye4
- Setting
- subtropical area in the South of Brazile1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“trigger color development in table grapes grown in the subtropics”
e1“grapes located in a subtropical area in the South of Brazil”
e4“while for ‘Rubi’, ACC at 100 g 100 L−1 was enough to intensify and to uniform the red color of berries”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of S-ABA at 3.2 L ha−1 had no negative impact on bunches or vines of table grapes.
- Taxon
- table grapese0
- Treatment
- application of S-ABA at 3.2 L ha−1e5
- Outcome
- impact to the bunches or vinese5
- Direction
- no negative impacte5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“trigger color development in table grapes grown in the subtropics”
e5“the application of S-ABA at 3.2 L ha−1, with no negative impact to the bunches or vines”
The same questions in other papers
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · quality: phytochemicals · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.