Abstract
Ethylene plays a critical role in plant development and stress adaptation, with its biosynthesis tightly regulated by the stability of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) proteins. Here, we investigate the potato isozyme StACS3 and its role in modulating ethylene biosynthesis and drought tolerance. StACS3 transcript and protein levels are specifically upregulated under drought stress. In contrast, silencing StACS3 significantly reduces stress-induced ethylene accumulation and enhances drought resilience, including decreased cell death and increased antioxidant activity. Heterologous expression of StACS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana induces severe developmental phenotypes, such as compact growth, reduced root development, sterility, and accelerated leaf senescence, demonstrating its influence on ethylene-associated processes. Mechanistically, StACS3 is regulated post-translationally through interactions with StPP2C2, a type 2C protein phosphatase that promotes proteasome-mediated degradation, and St14-3-3, a phospho-binding protein that stabilizes StACS3. Mutation and co-expression analysis support the formation of StACS3-StPP2C2 complexes, and silencing StPP2C2 increases StACS3 accumulation and alters its subcellular localization, demonstrating an antagonistic interplay between degradation and stabilization pathways. Collectively, these findings reveal a dynamic post-translational regulatory module that fine-tunes ethylene biosynthesis during drought stress. This study establishes StACS3 as a central node in ethylene-mediated drought response pathways in potatoes, providing mechanistic insights into the balance of protein degradation and stabilization that underlies stress adaptation.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress upregulated StACS3 transcript and protein levels in potato.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Gene
- StACS3e0
- Outcome
- StACS3 transcript and protein levelse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“StACS3 transcript and protein levels are specifically upregulated under drought stress”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing StACS3 significantly reduced stress-induced ethylene accumulation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- silencing StACS3e0
- Gene
- StACS3e0
- Outcome
- stress-induced ethylene accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing StACS3 significantly reduces stress-induced ethylene accumulation”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing StACS3 enhanced drought resilience.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- silencing StACS3e0
- Gene
- StACS3e0
- Outcome
- drought resiliencee0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing StACS3 significantly reduces stress-induced ethylene accumulation and enhances drought resilience”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing StACS3 decreased cell death.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- silencing StACS3e0
- Gene
- StACS3e0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing StACS3 significantly reduces stress-induced ethylene accumulation and enhances drought resilience, including decreased cell death and increased antioxidant activity”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing StACS3 increased antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- silencing StACS3e0
- Gene
- StACS3e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing StACS3 significantly reduces stress-induced ethylene accumulation and enhances drought resilience, including decreased cell death and increased antioxidant activity”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterologous StACS3 expression in Arabidopsis produced compact growth.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- Heterologous expression of StACS3e0
- Gene
- StACS3e0
- Outcome
- compact growthe0
- Direction
- compacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heterologous expression of StACS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana induces severe developmental phenotypes, such as compact growth, reduced root development, sterility, and accelerated leaf senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterologous StACS3 expression in Arabidopsis produced root development.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- Heterologous expression of StACS3e0
- Gene
- StACS3e0
- Outcome
- root developmente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heterologous expression of StACS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana induces severe developmental phenotypes, such as compact growth, reduced root development, sterility, and accelerated leaf senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterologous StACS3 expression in Arabidopsis produced sterility.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- Heterologous expression of StACS3e0
- Gene
- StACS3e0
- Outcome
- sterilitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heterologous expression of StACS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana induces severe developmental phenotypes, such as compact growth, reduced root development, sterility, and accelerated leaf senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterologous StACS3 expression in Arabidopsis produced leaf senescence.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- Heterologous expression of StACS3e0
- Gene
- StACS3e0
- Outcome
- leaf senescencee0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heterologous expression of StACS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana induces severe developmental phenotypes, such as compact growth, reduced root development, sterility, and accelerated leaf senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
StPP2C2 interaction promotes proteasome-mediated StACS3 degradation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Gene
- StPP2C2e0
- Outcome
- proteasome-mediated degradatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“StACS3 is regulated post-translationally through interactions with StPP2C2, a type 2C protein phosphatase that promotes proteasome-mediated degradation”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
St14-3-3 interaction stabilizes StACS3.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Gene
- St14-3-3e0
- Outcome
- stabilizes StACS3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“St14-3-3, a phospho-binding protein that stabilizes StACS3”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutation and co-expression analysis supported StACS3-StPP2C2 complex formation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Gene
- StACS3-StPP2C2e0
- Outcome
- formation of StACS3-StPP2C2 complexese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutation and co-expression analysis support the formation of StACS3-StPP2C2 complexes”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing StPP2C2 increased StACS3 accumulation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- silencing StPP2C2e0
- Gene
- StPP2C2e0
- Outcome
- StACS3 accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing StPP2C2 increases StACS3 accumulation and alters its subcellular localization”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing StPP2C2 altered StACS3 subcellular localization.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- silencing StPP2C2e0
- Gene
- StPP2C2e0
- Outcome
- subcellular localizatione0
- Direction
- alterse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing StPP2C2 increases StACS3 accumulation and alters its subcellular localization”
t0“potato”
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