Abstract
Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exhibit antifungal properties and may be applied for limitation of pathogen growth in crop production. The objectives of the study were: 1) to investigate and compare the effects of ZnO submicron particles (ZnO SMPs) and ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the in vitro response of Botrytis cinerea , Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria alternata and 2) to evaluate the impact of those particles on suppressing disease symptoms caused by the three plant pathogens on potted tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Bawole Serce’). In the in vitro experiment ZnO SMPs or ZnO NPs at the concentration of 0, 100, 200, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/l were applied. In the in vivo experiment, potted tomato plants were infected with pathogens and sprayed with ZnO SMPs or ZnO NPs suspensions at the concentration of 500 mg/l. Experimental objects included also non-infected control plants, as well as infected and ZnO SMPs/NPs non-treated control plants. The addition of ZnO NPs and ZnO SMPs to the PDA medium significantly inhibited the growth of mycelium of all tested pathogens. However, the advantage of ZnO NPs over ZnO SMPs in inhibiting the growth of mycelium has not been demonstrated. Interestingly, the lowest tested ZnO SMPs/NPs concentration (100 mg/l) caused a significant reduction of mycelium growth of F. oxysporum and A. alternata (up to 33.32%). As for B. cinerea , only the concentration of 500 mg/l and higher concentrations of tested material samples limited the growth of its mycelium (up to 82.67%). In vivo experiment on tomato plants did not confirm the effectiveness of ZnO SMPs in the reduction of B. cinerea and A. alternata infection, in contrast to ZnO NPs, which significantly limited the growth of all pathogens (by between 56.99% and 65.11%).
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Adding ZnO NPs and ZnO SMPs to PDA medium significantly inhibited mycelium growth of all tested tomato pathogens in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- addition of ZnO NPs and ZnO SMPs to the PDA mediume1
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereat0pathogen - Second interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporumt0pathogen - Outcome
- growth of myceliume1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Setting
- in vitroe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the impact of those particles on suppressing disease symptoms caused by the three plant pathogens on potted tomato plants”
e1“The addition of ZnO NPs and ZnO SMPs to the PDA medium significantly inhibited the growth of mycelium of all tested pathogens”
e2“on the in vitro response of Botrytis cinerea”
t0“Effects of zinc oxide submicron particles and nanoparticles on the inhibition of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest tested ZnO SMPs/NPs concentration (100 mg/l) significantly reduced mycelium growth of F. oxysporum and A. alternata by up to 33.32%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- the lowest tested ZnO SMPs/NPs concentration (100 mg/l)e3
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume3pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. alternata
.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria alternatae3pathogen - Outcome
- mycelium growthe3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 33.32%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the impact of those particles on suppressing disease symptoms caused by the three plant pathogens on potted tomato plants”
e3“the lowest tested ZnO SMPs/NPs concentration (100 mg/l) caused a significant reduction of mycelium growth of F. oxysporum and A. alternata (up to 33.32%)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO SMPs/NPs at 500 mg/l and higher limited mycelium growth of B. cinerea by up to 82.67%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- concentration of 500 mg/l and highere4
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae4pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of its myceliume4
- Direction
- limitede4
- Value
- 82.67%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the impact of those particles on suppressing disease symptoms caused by the three plant pathogens on potted tomato plants”
e4“As for B. cinerea , only the concentration of 500 mg/l and higher concentrations of tested material samples limited the growth of its mycelium (up to 82.67%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In vivo, ZnO SMPs did not confirm effectiveness in reducing B. cinerea and A. alternata infection of tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- ZnO SMPse5
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae5pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. alternataAlternaria alternatae5pathogen
- Outcome
- infectione5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Setting
- In vivoe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In vivo experiment on tomato plants did not confirm the effectiveness of ZnO SMPs in the reduction of B. cinerea and A. alternata infection”
Claim · model-written summary
In vivo, ZnO NPs significantly limited the growth of all tested pathogens on tomato by 56.99% to 65.11%, in contrast to ZnO SMPs.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse6
- Outcome
- growth of all pathogense6
- Direction
- limitede6
- Value
- 56.99% and 65.11%e6
- Comparator
- ZnO SMPse5
- Setting
- In vivoe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the impact of those particles on suppressing disease symptoms caused by the three plant pathogens on potted tomato plants”
e5“In vivo experiment on tomato plants did not confirm the effectiveness of ZnO SMPs in the reduction of B. cinerea and A. alternata infection”
e6“in contrast to ZnO NPs, which significantly limited the growth of all pathogens (by between 56.99% and 65.11%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The advantage of ZnO NPs over ZnO SMPs in inhibiting mycelium growth has not been demonstrated.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse7
- Outcome
- growth of myceliume7
- Comparator
- ZnO SMPse7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to evaluate the impact of those particles on suppressing disease symptoms caused by the three plant pathogens on potted tomato plants”
e7“the advantage of ZnO NPs over ZnO SMPs in inhibiting the growth of mycelium has not been demonstrated”
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