Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens causing tremendous losses in fresh fruit or vegetables. 3-Methylthio-1-propanol (3-MP) is a naturally occurring food-borne sulfide, which is mainly used to increase the flavor in food. However, the potential application of 3-MP in the postharvest phase to manage fruit fungal diseases has not been explored. In this study, the antifungal activity of 3-MP against B. cinerea was evaluated, and the possible mechanism involved was explored. In vitro 3-MP treatment could effectively inhibit the mycelial growth, spore germination, and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. 3-MP also impaired the spore viability and membrane integrity of B. cinerea as well as increased the leakage of nucleic acids, proteins, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in B. cinerea . In vivo 3-MP fumigation treatment inhibited the infection of B. cinerea on tomato fruits. Also, the fruits with 3-MP fumigation treatment exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity, lower MDA content, and a significant delay of induction of the expression of most of the stress-related genes when compared to the control group. Moreover, a cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that 3-MP had no toxicity to normal cells in a certain concentration range. Collectively, our research results will provide evidence for the development of food-borne sulfide 3-MP as a fungicide in food and agriculture and will provide an important reference for the formulation of B. cinerea biocontrol strategies.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
3-MP in vitro inhibited mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- In vitro 3-MP treatmente0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growth, spore germination, and germ tube elongation of B. cinereae0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Setting
- In vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biocontrol Effect and Possible Mechanism of Food-Borne Sulfide 3-Methylthio-1-Propanol Against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Tomato”
e0“In vitro 3-MP treatment could effectively inhibit the mycelial growth, spore germination, and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
3-MP impaired spore viability and membrane integrity of Botrytis cinerea
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 3-MPe1
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- spore viability and membrane integrity of B. cinereae1
- Direction
- impairede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biocontrol Effect and Possible Mechanism of Food-Borne Sulfide 3-Methylthio-1-Propanol Against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Tomato”
e1“3-MP also impaired the spore viability and membrane integrity of B. cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
3-MP increased leakage of nucleic acids, proteins and MDA from Botrytis cinerea
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 3-MPe1
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae2pathogen
- Outcome
- leakage of nucleic acids, proteins, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in B. cinereae2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biocontrol Effect and Possible Mechanism of Food-Borne Sulfide 3-Methylthio-1-Propanol Against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Tomato”
e1“3-MP also impaired the spore viability and membrane integrity of B. cinerea”
e2“increased the leakage of nucleic acids, proteins, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in B. cinerea”
Claim · model-written summary
3-MP fumigation inhibited Botrytis cinerea infection of tomato fruit in vivo
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- 3-MP fumigation treatmente3
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae3pathogen
- Outcome
- infection of B. cinereae3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
- Setting
- In vivoe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biocontrol Effect and Possible Mechanism of Food-Borne Sulfide 3-Methylthio-1-Propanol Against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Tomato”
e3“In vivo 3-MP fumigation treatment inhibited the infection of B. cinerea on tomato fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
3-MP fumigation increased antioxidant enzyme activity in tomato fruit compared with the control
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse4
- Treatment
- 3-MP fumigation treatmente4
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- control groupe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biocontrol Effect and Possible Mechanism of Food-Borne Sulfide 3-Methylthio-1-Propanol Against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Tomato”
e4“the fruits with 3-MP fumigation treatment exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity, lower MDA content, and a significant delay of induction of the expression of most of the stress-related genes when compared to the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
3-MP fumigation lowered MDA content in tomato fruit compared with the control
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse4
- Treatment
- 3-MP fumigation treatmente4
- Outcome
- MDA contente4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- control groupe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biocontrol Effect and Possible Mechanism of Food-Borne Sulfide 3-Methylthio-1-Propanol Against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Tomato”
e4“the fruits with 3-MP fumigation treatment exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity, lower MDA content, and a significant delay of induction of the expression of most of the stress-related genes when compared to the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
3-MP fumigation significantly delayed induction of most stress-related genes in tomato fruit compared with the control
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse4
- Treatment
- 3-MP fumigation treatmente4
- Gene
- stress-related genese4
- Outcome
- induction of the expression of most of the stress-related genese4
- Direction
- significant delaye4
- Comparator
- control groupe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biocontrol Effect and Possible Mechanism of Food-Borne Sulfide 3-Methylthio-1-Propanol Against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Tomato”
e4“the fruits with 3-MP fumigation treatment exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity, lower MDA content, and a significant delay of induction of the expression of most of the stress-related genes when compared to the control group”
Claim · model-written summary
3-MP showed no toxicity to normal cells within a certain concentration range
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- toxicity to normal cellse5
- Qualifier
- in a certain concentration rangee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biocontrol Effect and Possible Mechanism of Food-Borne Sulfide 3-Methylthio-1-Propanol Against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Tomato”
e5“3-MP had no toxicity to normal cells in a certain concentration range”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose developing 3-MP as a fungicide for food and agriculture
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- development of food-borne sulfide 3-MP as a fungicidee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Biocontrol Effect and Possible Mechanism of Food-Borne Sulfide 3-Methylthio-1-Propanol Against Botrytis cinerea in Postharvest Tomato”
e6“will provide evidence for the development of food-borne sulfide 3-MP as a fungicide in food and agriculture”
The same questions in other papers
solarization · soil: biology · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
solarization · molecular: expression · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
in vitro · Botrytis cinerea · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
solarization · Botrytis cinerea · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.