Abstract
Grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea and Late Blight caused by Phytophthora infestans are the most important foliar and fruit diseases that affect tomato. The application of fungicides is the main control measure for these diseases. However, the development of resistance to single-site inhibitors by both pathogens necessitates research for the development of alternative products. Initially, four novel nano-copper (Cu-NPs) formulations were evaluated in vitro. The two most efficient formulations (CN_S4_X1 and CC_S4_X2) from the in vitro assay were further evaluated for their efficacy against B. cinerea and P. infestans on tomato seedling plants (cv. Belladona) during the fourth true leaf growth stage under controlled environmental conditions. To evaluate the protective and curative activity of the Cu-NPs that were tested, spray treatments were conducted 24, 48, and 96 h before (protective treatments) or after (curative treatments) the inoculation of the plants. For each plant, the disease severity value was measured as follows: 0 = no disease symptom; 1 = disease symptoms covered 20% of the leaf; 2 = disease symptoms covered 50% of the leaf; 3 = disease symptoms covered 70% of the leaf; and 4 = dead leaf. For both pathogens, disease severity on the plants that were treated curatively was higher than it was in plants that had been treated preventively. The applications of the two Cu-NPs against B. cinerea 24 h prior the inoculation led to lower disease severity with means of 1.5 and 1.3, respectively, compared to 48 h and 96 h before or after inoculation. Disease severity was significantly higher on plants treated with the commercial copper products. Similarly, the two Cu-NPs that were tested were found to be highly effective against P. infestans and resulted in lower disease severity at 24 h and 48 h pre-/post-inoculation. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the optimization of tomato disease control and to reduce the yield losses caused through the use of a new generation of biocides.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Cu-NP sprays applied 24 h before inoculation gave lower Botrytis cinerea disease severity on tomato (means 1.5 and 1.3) than applications 48 h or 96 h before or after inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- Belladonae2
- Organ / stage
- fourth true leaf growth stagee2
- Treatment
- Cu-NPse1
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae1pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 1.5 and 1.3e1
- Qualifier
- 24 h prior the inoculatione1
- Comparator
- 48 h and 96 h before or after inoculatione1
- Setting
- controlled environmental conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea and Late Blight caused by Phytophthora infestans are the most important foliar and fruit diseases that affect tomato”
e1“The applications of the two Cu-NPs against B. cinerea 24 h prior the inoculation led to lower disease severity with means of 1.5 and 1.3, respectively, compared to 48 h and 96 h before or after inoculation”
e2“tomato seedling plants (cv. Belladona) during the fourth true leaf growth stage under controlled environmental conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu-NP sprays applied 24 h and 48 h pre-/post-inoculation gave lower Phytophthora infestans disease severity on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Cu-NPse3
- Interactor
- P. infestans
Phytophthora infestanse3pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Qualifier
- 24 h and 48 h pre-/post-inoculatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea and Late Blight caused by Phytophthora infestans are the most important foliar and fruit diseases that affect tomato”
e3“the two Cu-NPs that were tested were found to be highly effective against P. infestans and resulted in lower disease severity at 24 h and 48 h pre-/post-inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
For both B. cinerea and P. infestans on tomato, curative Cu-NP treatments gave higher disease severity than preventive treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- treated curativelye4
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- treated preventivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea and Late Blight caused by Phytophthora infestans are the most important foliar and fruit diseases that affect tomato”
e4“For both pathogens, disease severity on the plants that were treated curatively was higher than it was in plants that had been treated preventively”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity on tomato was significantly higher on plants treated with commercial copper products.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- commercial copper productse5
- Outcome
- Disease severitye5
- Direction
- highere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea and Late Blight caused by Phytophthora infestans are the most important foliar and fruit diseases that affect tomato”
e5“Disease severity was significantly higher on plants treated with the commercial copper products”
Claim · model-written summary
Two of four novel Cu-NP formulations were the most efficient in an in vitro assay on tomato pathogens.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- CN_S4_X1 and CC_S4_X2e6
- Outcome
- most efficient formulationse6
- Comparator
- four novel nano-copper (Cu-NPs) formulationse6
- Setting
- in vitroe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea and Late Blight caused by Phytophthora infestans are the most important foliar and fruit diseases that affect tomato”
e6“Initially, four novel nano-copper (Cu-NPs) formulations were evaluated in vitro. The two most efficient formulations (CN_S4_X1 and CC_S4_X2) from the in vitro assay”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.