Abstract
• Increased light intensity increased dry fruit yield without effect on capsaicinoid content. • Additional UV-A had no significant effect on dry fruit yield or capsaicinoid content. • Capsaicinoid yield in VIF depends on both fruit yield and inherent capsaicinoid content. Capsaicinoids, biosynthesized in pepper fruits ( Capsicum annuum ), are valuable compounds with diverse industrial applications. Their consistent production is essential but influenced by environmental factors such as light intensity and spectrum. Vertical indoor farming (VIF) systems offer precise environmental control over growing conditions, especially light, yet high energy costs often necessitate reduced light intensities. While peppers are light-demanding plants, their integration into VIF systems requires a balance between energy input and crop performance. To evaluate the feasibility of cultivating Capsicum annuum under energy-saving conditions, we investigated the effects of two reduced light intensities (250 / 500 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) on fruit yield and quality across two chili pepper cultivars and one bell pepper in VIF conditions. Additionally, we assessed whether supplemental UV-A exposure at 500 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ could enhance capsaicinoid accumulation. Capsaicinoid content per unit dry fruit mass was not significantly affected by light intensity or UV-A as main effects. However, a significant interaction between cultivar and treatment indicated genotype-specific responses. Medium light intensity (500 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) significantly increased net photosynthesis and fruit number, resulting in 33–57 % higher dry fruit yield (12.5–29.2 g DW plant⁻¹) compared to the lower intensity (250 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹), and led to a corresponding increase in capsaicinoid yield per area, depending on cultivar. Light levels of 500 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ are necessary to maximize yield and capsaicinoid output in VIF, while cultivar selection plays a critical role in determining compound accumulation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Medium light intensity (500 µmol) significantly increased net photosynthesis and fruit number compared with the lower intensity.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuumt0 - Treatment
- Medium light intensitye0
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis and fruit numbere1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- lower intensitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Capsicum annuum in vertical indoor farming”
e0“Medium light intensity”
e1“significantly increased net photosynthesis and fruit number”
e2“compared to the lower intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium light intensity gave 33–57 % higher dry fruit yield than the lower intensity.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Medium light intensitye0
- Outcome
- dry fruit yielde3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 33–57 %e3
- Comparator
- lower intensitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Capsicum annuum in vertical indoor farming”
e0“Medium light intensity”
e2“compared to the lower intensity”
e3“33–57 % higher dry fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium light intensity increased capsaicinoid yield per area, depending on cultivar, compared with the lower intensity.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Medium light intensitye0
- Outcome
- capsaicinoid yield per areae5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Qualifier
- depending on cultivare5
- Comparator
- lower intensitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Capsicum annuum in vertical indoor farming”
e0“Medium light intensity”
e2“compared to the lower intensity”
e5“led to a corresponding increase in capsaicinoid yield per area, depending on cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Light intensity did not significantly affect capsaicinoid content per unit dry fruit mass.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- light intensitye6
- Outcome
- Capsaicinoid content per unit dry fruit masse6
- Direction
- not significantly affectede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Capsicum annuum in vertical indoor farming”
e6“Capsaicinoid content per unit dry fruit mass was not significantly affected by light intensity or UV-A as main effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional UV-A had no significant effect on capsaicinoid content.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Additional UV-Ae4
- Outcome
- capsaicinoid contente4
- Direction
- no significant effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Capsicum annuum in vertical indoor farming”
e4“Additional UV-A had no significant effect on dry fruit yield or capsaicinoid content”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional UV-A had no significant effect on dry fruit yield.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Additional UV-Ae4
- Outcome
- dry fruit yielde4
- Direction
- no significant effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Capsicum annuum in vertical indoor farming”
e4“Additional UV-A had no significant effect on dry fruit yield or capsaicinoid content”
Claim · model-written summary
A significant cultivar by treatment interaction indicated genotype-specific responses.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- cultivare7
- Outcome
- genotype-specific responsese7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Capsicum annuum in vertical indoor farming”
e7“a significant interaction between cultivar and treatment indicated genotype-specific responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Light levels of 500 µmol are necessary to maximize yield and capsaicinoid output in VIF.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Outcome
- yield and capsaicinoid outpute4
- Setting
- VIFe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Capsicum annuum in vertical indoor farming”
e4“are necessary to maximize yield and capsaicinoid output in VIF”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar selection plays a critical role in determining capsaicinoid compound accumulation.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Material
- cultivare4
- Outcome
- compound accumulatione4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Capsicum annuum in vertical indoor farming”
e4“while cultivar selection plays a critical role in determining compound accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Capsaicinoid yield in VIF depends on both fruit yield and inherent capsaicinoid content.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Compound
- capsaicinoid contente5
- Outcome
- Capsaicinoid yield in VIFe5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Capsicum annuum in vertical indoor farming”
e5“Capsaicinoid yield in VIF depends on both fruit yield and inherent capsaicinoid content”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.