Abstract
Abstract Background The red (R) and blue (B) light wavelengths are known to influence many plant physiological processes during growth and development, particularly photosynthesis. To understand how R and B light influences plant photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis, we investigated changes in leaf anatomy, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters, and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and Calvin cycle-related enzymes expression and their activities in sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings exposed to four light qualities: monochromatic white (W, control), R, B and mixed R and B (RB) light with the same photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 300 μmol/m 2 ·s. Results The results revealed that seedlings grown under R light had lower biomass accumulation, CO 2 assimilation and photosystem II (PSII) electron transportation compared to plants grown under other treatments. These changes are probably due to inactivation of the photosystem (PS). Biomass accumulation and CO 2 assimilation were significantly enriched in B- and RB-grown plants, especially the latter treatment. Their leaves were also thicker, and photosynthetic electron transport capacity, as well as the photosynthetic rate were enhanced. The up-regulation of the expression and activities of Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which involved in the Calvin cycle and are probably the main enzymatic factors contributing to RuBP (ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate) synthesis, were also increased. Conclusions Mixed R and B light altered plant photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis, mainly through its effects on leaf anatomy, photosynthetic electron transportation and the expression and activities of key Calvin cycle enzymes.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Red light reduced sweet pepper biomass accumulation, CO2 assimilation and PSII electron transportation relative to other light treatments.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper
Capsicum annuumt0 - Treatment
- R lighte0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulation, CO 2 assimilation and photosystem II (PSII) electron transportatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings grown under R light had lower biomass accumulation, CO 2 assimilation and photosystem II (PSII) electron transportation compared to plants grown under other treatments”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest photosystem inactivation explains the reductions under red light.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- R lighte1
- Outcome
- biomass accumulation, CO 2 assimilation and photosystem II (PSII) electron transportatione1
- Qualifier
- inactivation of the photosystem (PS)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These changes are probably due to inactivation of the photosystem (PS).”
e1“seedlings grown under R light had lower biomass accumulation, CO 2 assimilation and photosystem II (PSII) electron transportation”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue-grown sweet pepper seedlings had significantly enriched biomass accumulation and CO2 assimilation.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- B-e0
- Outcome
- Biomass accumulation and CO 2 assimilatione0
- Direction
- enrichede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass accumulation and CO 2 assimilation were significantly enriched in B- and RB-grown plants, especially the latter treatment.”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed red and blue light significantly enriched biomass accumulation and CO2 assimilation, especially compared with blue light.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- RBe0
- Outcome
- Biomass accumulation and CO 2 assimilatione0
- Direction
- enrichede0
- Qualifier
- especially the latter treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass accumulation and CO 2 assimilation were significantly enriched in B- and RB-grown plants, especially the latter treatment.”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue-grown plants had thicker leaves.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- B-e1
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Direction
- thickere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their leaves were also thicker”
e1“B- and RB-grown plants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed red and blue-grown plants had thicker leaves.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- RBe1
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Direction
- thickere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their leaves were also thicker”
e1“B- and RB-grown plants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue-grown plants had enhanced photosynthetic electron transport capacity and photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- B-e1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic electron transport capacity, as well as the photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic electron transport capacity, as well as the photosynthetic rate were enhanced”
e1“B- and RB-grown plants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed red and blue-grown plants had enhanced photosynthetic electron transport capacity and photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- RBe1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic electron transport capacity, as well as the photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic electron transport capacity, as well as the photosynthetic rate were enhanced”
e1“B- and RB-grown plants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue-grown plants showed increased expression of Rubisco, FBPase and GAPDH.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- B-e2
- Gene
- Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The up-regulation of the expression and activities of Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)”
e1“were also increased.”
e2“B- and RB-grown plants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed red and blue-grown plants showed increased expression of Rubisco, FBPase and GAPDH.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- RBe2
- Gene
- Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The up-regulation of the expression and activities of Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)”
e1“were also increased.”
e2“B- and RB-grown plants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue-grown plants showed increased activities of Rubisco, FBPase and GAPDH.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- B-e2
- Gene
- Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)e0
- Outcome
- activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The up-regulation of the expression and activities of Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)”
e1“were also increased.”
e2“B- and RB-grown plants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed red and blue-grown plants showed increased activities of Rubisco, FBPase and GAPDH.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- RBe2
- Gene
- Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)e0
- Outcome
- activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The up-regulation of the expression and activities of Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)”
e1“were also increased.”
e2“B- and RB-grown plants”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Rubisco, FBPase and GAPDH are main enzymatic contributors to RuBP synthesis.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Gene
- Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)e0
- Outcome
- RuBP (ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate) synthesise0
- Qualifier
- probablye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which involved in the Calvin cycle and are probably the main enzymatic factors contributing to RuBP (ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate) synthesis”
t0“sweet pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed red and blue light altered photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis mainly through leaf anatomy, electron transport and Calvin cycle enzyme expression and activities.
- Taxon
- sweet pepperCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Mixed R and B lighte0
- Outcome
- plant photomorphogenesis and photosynthesise0
- Qualifier
- mainly through its effects on leaf anatomy, photosynthetic electron transportation and the expression and activities of key Calvin cycle enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed R and B light altered plant photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis, mainly through its effects on leaf anatomy, photosynthetic electron transportation and the expression and activities of key Calvin cycle enzymes.”
t0“sweet pepper”
The same questions in other papers
light · physiology: photosynthesis · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
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