Abstract
Utilizing phytohormones—brassinosteroids (BRs), jasmonic acid (JA), and strigolactones (SLs) presents a novel approach to overcome toxicity of arsenic (As) in agricultural settings. The present study investigates the role of three phytohormones BRs, JA, and SLs in ameliorating As-induced stressed in Oryza sativa L. (rice) seedlings. s In the present study, we have used different levels of BRs (0.1 µM), JA (1 µM), and SLs (0.05 µM) every 7 days to O. sativa seedlings when exposed to different levels of As levels of 100 mg −1 kg and 200 mg kg −1 (as sodium arsenate) to examine various growth and biochemical parameters in O. sativa . The results showed that the As toxicity in the soil showed a significantly ( P < 0.05) declined in the growth, gas exchange attributes, sugars, AsA-GSH cycle, cellular fractionation, proline metabolism in O. sativa . However, As toxicity significantly ( P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress biomarkers, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants including their gene expression in O. sativa . Although, the application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLs showed a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in the plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and their gene expression and also decreased the oxidative stress, and As uptake. In addition, individual or combined application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLs enhanced the cellular fractionation and decreases the proline metabolism and AsA − GSH cycle in O. sativa . These results open new insights for sustainable agriculture practices and hold immense promise in addressing the pressing challenges of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic significantly reduced rice growth and gas exchange attributes.
- Taxon
- O. sativa
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- As toxicitye0
- Outcome
- growth, gas exchange attributese0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- P < 0.05e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As toxicity in the soil showed a significantly ( P < 0.05) declined in the growth, gas exchange attributes, sugars, AsA-GSH cycle, cellular fractionation, proline metabolism in O. sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic significantly reduced rice sugars and AsA-GSH cycle measures.
- Taxon
- O. sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- As toxicitye0
- Outcome
- sugars, AsA-GSH cyclee0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As toxicity in the soil showed a significantly ( P < 0.05) declined in the growth, gas exchange attributes, sugars, AsA-GSH cycle, cellular fractionation, proline metabolism in O. sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic significantly reduced rice cellular fractionation and proline metabolism measures.
- Taxon
- O. sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- As toxicitye0
- Outcome
- cellular fractionation, proline metabolisme0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As toxicity in the soil showed a significantly ( P < 0.05) declined in the growth, gas exchange attributes, sugars, AsA-GSH cycle, cellular fractionation, proline metabolism in O. sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic significantly increased oxidative stress biomarkers in rice.
- Taxon
- O. sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- As toxicitye0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress biomarkerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As toxicity significantly ( P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress biomarkers, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants including their gene expression in O. sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic significantly increased enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and their gene expression in rice.
- Taxon
- O. sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- As toxicitye0
- Outcome
- enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants including their gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As toxicity significantly ( P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress biomarkers, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants including their gene expression in O. sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroid application significantly increased rice growth, biomass and gas exchange under arsenic stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BRse0
- Outcome
- plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristicse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLs showed a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in the plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and their gene expression and also decreased the oxidative stress, and As uptake”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid application significantly increased rice growth, biomass and gas exchange under arsenic stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- JAe0
- Outcome
- plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristicse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLs showed a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in the plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and their gene expression and also decreased the oxidative stress, and As uptake”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Strigolactone application significantly increased rice growth, biomass and gas exchange under arsenic stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SLse0
- Outcome
- plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristicse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLs showed a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in the plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and their gene expression and also decreased the oxidative stress, and As uptake”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytohormone application significantly increased antioxidant compounds and their gene expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLse0
- Outcome
- enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and their gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLs showed a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in the plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and their gene expression and also decreased the oxidative stress, and As uptake”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytohormone application decreased oxidative stress in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLse0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLs showed a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in the plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and their gene expression and also decreased the oxidative stress, and As uptake”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytohormone application decreased arsenic uptake in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLse0
- Outcome
- As uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLs showed a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in the plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and their gene expression and also decreased the oxidative stress, and As uptake”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual or combined phytohormone application enhanced cellular fractionation in rice.
- Taxon
- O. sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- individual or combined application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLse0
- Outcome
- cellular fractionatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual or combined application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLs enhanced the cellular fractionation and decreases the proline metabolism and AsA − GSH cycle in O. sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual or combined phytohormone application decreased proline metabolism in rice.
- Taxon
- O. sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- individual or combined application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLse0
- Outcome
- proline metabolisme0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual or combined application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLs enhanced the cellular fractionation and decreases the proline metabolism and AsA − GSH cycle in O. sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual or combined phytohormone application decreased the AsA-GSH cycle in rice.
- Taxon
- O. sativaOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- individual or combined application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLse0
- Outcome
- AsA − GSH cyclee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual or combined application of phytohormones including BRs, JA, and SLs enhanced the cellular fractionation and decreases the proline metabolism and AsA − GSH cycle in O. sativa”
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See all 5 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.