Abstract
The remediation of soil contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) has consistently been a complex issue. Foliar application of jasmonic acid (JA) could be a promising agronomic practice for reducing heavy metal accumulations. However, the combined reduction effects and mechanisms of Cd and As in rice through foliar JA application have not been fully explored. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate rice yield, Cd and As accumulations and translocations, photosynthesis, and ROS-scavenging attributes in Huanghuazhan (HHZ) and Huarun No.2 (HR). The results revealed that 1 μM JA treatment significantly decreased the concentrations of Cd (by 34.6% in HHZ and 38.3% in HR) and As (by 30.8% in HHZ and 40.8% in HR) in the grains, and increased the percentage of filled-grain and 1000-grain weight in HHZ. The structural equation model (SEM) indicated that grain Cd was directly and positively affected by panicle Cd and leaf sheath Cd, while grain As was directly and positively affected by panicle As, leaf blade As and leaf sheath As. JA application enhanced the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content (both a and b). Additionally, it scavenged levels of H2O2 and O2.-, reduced lipid peroxidation damage by promoting the activities of antioxidant enzymes and altering the cellular redox status in the flag leaves of rice. Overall, these results suggest that foliar JA application of could be an effective strategy for preventing Cd and As accumulations in rice grains in paddy soils with low to medium contamination risks.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
JA reduced grain Cd concentration in Huanghuazhan by 34.6%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- HHZe0
- Treatment
- 1 μM JA treatmente0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Cde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 34.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1 μM JA treatment significantly decreased the concentrations of Cd (by 34.6% in HHZ and 38.3% in HR)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
JA reduced grain Cd concentration in Huarun No.2 by 38.3%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- HRe0
- Treatment
- 1 μM JA treatmente0
- Outcome
- concentrations of Cde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 38.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1 μM JA treatment significantly decreased the concentrations of Cd (by 34.6% in HHZ and 38.3% in HR)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
JA reduced grain As concentration in Huanghuazhan by 30.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- HHZe0
- Treatment
- 1 μM JA treatmente0
- Outcome
- Ase0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 30.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1 μM JA treatment significantly decreased the concentrations of Cd (by 34.6% in HHZ and 38.3% in HR) and As (by 30.8% in HHZ and 40.8% in HR) in the grains”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
JA reduced grain As concentration in Huarun No.2 by 40.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- HRe0
- Treatment
- 1 μM JA treatmente0
- Outcome
- Ase0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 40.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1 μM JA treatment significantly decreased the concentrations of Cd (by 34.6% in HHZ and 38.3% in HR) and As (by 30.8% in HHZ and 40.8% in HR) in the grains”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
JA increased filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight in HHZ.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- HHZe0
- Treatment
- JAe1
- Outcome
- percentage of filled-grain and 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the percentage of filled-grain and 1000-grain weight in HHZ”
t0“rice”
e1“1 μM JA treatment significantly decreased the concentrations of Cd (by 34.6% in HHZ and 38.3% in HR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Cd was positively related to Cd in panicles and leaf sheaths in the structural equation model.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain Cd was directly and positively affected by panicle Cd and leaf sheath Cd”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain As was positively related to As in panicles, leaf blades, and leaf sheaths in the structural equation model.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain As was directly and positively affected by panicle As, leaf blade As and leaf sheath As”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
JA enhanced net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a and b content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- JA applicatione0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content (both a and b)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA application enhanced the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content (both a and b)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
JA reduced H2O2 and O2.- levels in rice flag leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- JA applicatione1
- Outcome
- levels of H2O2 and O2.-e0
- Direction
- scavengede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it scavenged levels of H2O2 and O2.-”
t0“rice”
e1“JA application enhanced the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content (both a and b)”
Claim · model-written summary
JA reduced lipid peroxidation damage in rice flag leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Treatment
- JA applicatione1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced lipid peroxidation damage by promoting the activities of antioxidant enzymes and altering the cellular redox status in the flag leaves of rice”
t0“rice”
e1“JA application enhanced the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content (both a and b)”
Claim · model-written summary
JA promoted antioxidant enzyme activities in rice flag leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Treatment
- JA applicatione1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promoting the activities of antioxidant enzymes and altering the cellular redox status in the flag leaves of rice”
t0“rice”
e1“JA application enhanced the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content (both a and b)”
Claim · model-written summary
JA altered cellular redox status in rice flag leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese0
- Treatment
- JA applicatione1
- Outcome
- cellular redox statuse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“altering the cellular redox status in the flag leaves of rice”
t0“rice”
e1“JA application enhanced the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content (both a and b)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest foliar JA to prevent Cd and As accumulation in rice grains in paddy soils with low to medium contamination risks.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- foliar JA applicatione0
- Outcome
- preventing Cd and As accumulations in rice grainse0
- Qualifier
- paddy soils with low to medium contamination riskse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar JA application of could be an effective strategy for preventing Cd and As accumulations in rice grains in paddy soils with low to medium contamination risks”
t0“rice”
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