Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) play significant roles in metal binding, antioxidant defense, and signaling in plants during heavy metal stress. In the present study, the essential amino acids (EAAs), non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), as well as the enzymes of proline and cysteine biosynthetic pathways were studied in contrasting arsenic accumulating rice genotypes grown in hydroponic solutions with addition of arsenate (AsV) or arsenite (AsIII). Under a mild As stress, the total AAs content significantly increased in both the rice genotypes with a greater increase in a low As accumulating rice genotype (LAARG; IET-19226) than in a high As accumulating rice genotype (HAARG; BRG-12). At the equimolar concentration (10 μM), AsIII had a greater effect on EAAs than AsV. Conversely, AsV was more effective in inducing a proline accumulation than AsIII. Among NEAAs, As significantly induced the accumulation of histidine, aspartic acid, and serine. In contrast, a higher As concentration (50 μM) reduced the content of most AAs, the effect being more prominent during AsIII exposure. The inhibition of glutamate kinase activity was noticed in HAARG, conversely, serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase activities were increased which was positively correlated with the cysteine synthesis.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Mild arsenic stress significantly increased total amino acid content in both rice genotypes.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- mild As stresse0
- Outcome
- total AAs contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under a mild As stress, the total AAs content significantly increased in both the rice genotypes”
e1“both the rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in total amino acids under mild arsenic stress was greater in the low arsenic accumulating genotype than the high accumulating genotype.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- LAARG; IET-19226e0
- Outcome
- total AAs contente0
- Direction
- greater increasee0
- Comparator
- HAARG; BRG-12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under a mild As stress, the total AAs content significantly increased in both the rice genotypes with a greater increase in a low As accumulating rice genotype (LAARG; IET-19226) than in a high As accumulating rice genotype (HAARG; BRG-12)”
e1“both the rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 μM, arsenite affected essential amino acids more than arsenate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AsIIIe0
- Outcome
- EAAse0
- Direction
- greater effecte0
- Value
- 10 μMe0
- Comparator
- AsVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the equimolar concentration (10 μM), AsIII had a greater effect on EAAs than AsV.”
e1“both the rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenate induced more proline accumulation than arsenite.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AsVe0
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- AsIIIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AsV was more effective in inducing a proline accumulation than AsIII.”
e1“both the rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic significantly induced histidine accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Ase0
- Outcome
- accumulation of histidinee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As significantly induced the accumulation of histidine, aspartic acid, and serine.”
e1“both the rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic significantly induced aspartic acid accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Ase0
- Outcome
- aspartic acide0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As significantly induced the accumulation of histidine, aspartic acid, and serine.”
e1“both the rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic significantly induced serine accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Ase0
- Outcome
- serinee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As significantly induced the accumulation of histidine, aspartic acid, and serine.”
e1“both the rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 μM, arsenic reduced most amino acid contents, especially under arsenite exposure.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- higher As concentration (50 μM)e0
- Outcome
- content of most AAse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- more prominent during AsIII exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher As concentration (50 μM) reduced the content of most AAs, the effect being more prominent during AsIII exposure.”
e1“both the rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate kinase activity was inhibited in the high arsenic accumulating rice genotype.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- HAARGe0
- Gene
- glutamate kinasee0
- Outcome
- inhibition of glutamate kinase activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibition of glutamate kinase activity was noticed in HAARG”
e1“both the rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Serine acetyltransferase activity increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Gene
- serine acetyltransferasee0
- Outcome
- activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase activities were increased”
e1“both the rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Cysteine synthase activity increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Gene
- cysteine synthasee0
- Outcome
- cysteine synthase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase activities were increased”
e1“both the rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased enzyme activities were positively correlated with cysteine synthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Gene
- serine acetyltransferasee0
- Outcome
- cysteine synthesise0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase activities were increased which was positively correlated with the cysteine synthesis.”
e1“both the rice genotypes”
The same questions in other papers
arsenic atom · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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See all 15 papers →heavy metal · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- negative
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- no effect
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.