Abstract
AbstractSeed samples of Pongamia pinnata, Pachyrhizus erosus, Annona squamosa and Ricinus communis were extracted using solvents of varying polarity. The extracts were formulated into ECs with different emulsifiers and solvents to enhance stability and were field tested against paddy leaf folder. Among the tested treatments, the chemical check Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (T14) exhibited the highest efficacy, reducing the larval population by 80.79% over control, followed by P. pinnata 10 EC (methanolic extract, T1) (76.35%) and A. squamosa 10 EC (methanolic extract, T7) (72.91%). The least effective treatments were A. squamosa 10 EC (hexane extract, T9) (26.60%) and R. communis 10 EC (hexane extract, T12) (19.21%). The highest yield was recorded in T14 (37.52 q/ha), T1 (35.69 q/ha), and T7 (34.53 q/ha), significantly outperforming the untreated control (T15 = 6.87 q/ha).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG reduced leaf folder larvae by 80.79% over control.
- Taxon
- paddyt0
- Treatment
- Emamectin Benzoate 5% SGe0
- Interactor
- Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
Cnaphalocrocis medinalist0pest - Outcome
- larval populatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 80.79%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (T14) exhibited the highest efficacy, reducing the larval population by 80.79% over control”
t0“leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
P. pinnata methanolic EC reduced leaf folder larvae by 76.35% over control.
- Taxon
- paddyt0
- Treatment
- P. pinnata 10 EC (methanolic extract, T1)e0
- Interactor
- Cnaphalocrocis medinalisCnaphalocrocis medinalist0pest
- Outcome
- larval populatione1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 76.35%e0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. pinnata 10 EC (methanolic extract, T1) (76.35%)”
e1“reducing the larval population by 80.79% over control”
t0“leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
A. squamosa methanolic EC reduced leaf folder larvae by 72.91% over control.
- Taxon
- paddyt0
- Treatment
- A. squamosa 10 EC (methanolic extract, T7)e0
- Interactor
- Cnaphalocrocis medinalisCnaphalocrocis medinalist0pest
- Outcome
- larval populatione1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 72.91%e0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. squamosa 10 EC (methanolic extract, T7) (72.91%)”
e1“reducing the larval population by 80.79% over control”
t0“leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
A. squamosa hexane EC reduced leaf folder larvae by 26.60% over control.
- Taxon
- paddyt0
- Treatment
- A. squamosa 10 EC (hexane extract, T9)e0
- Interactor
- Cnaphalocrocis medinalisCnaphalocrocis medinalist0pest
- Outcome
- larval populatione1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 26.60%e0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. squamosa 10 EC (hexane extract, T9) (26.60%)”
e1“reducing the larval population by 80.79% over control”
t0“leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
R. communis hexane EC reduced leaf folder larvae by 19.21% over control.
- Taxon
- paddyt0
- Treatment
- R. communis 10 EC (hexane extract, T12)e0
- Interactor
- Cnaphalocrocis medinalisCnaphalocrocis medinalist0pest
- Outcome
- larval populatione1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 19.21%e0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. communis 10 EC (hexane extract, T12) (19.21%)”
e1“reducing the larval population by 80.79% over control”
t0“leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin treatment yielded 37.52 q/ha, significantly above untreated control.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield was recorded in T14 (37.52 q/ha), T1 (35.69 q/ha), and T7 (34.53 q/ha), significantly outperforming the untreated control (T15 = 6.87 q/ha)”
e1“Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (T14)”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
P. pinnata methanolic EC yielded 35.69 q/ha, significantly above untreated control.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield was recorded in T14 (37.52 q/ha), T1 (35.69 q/ha), and T7 (34.53 q/ha), significantly outperforming the untreated control (T15 = 6.87 q/ha)”
e1“P. pinnata 10 EC (methanolic extract, T1)”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
A. squamosa methanolic EC yielded 34.53 q/ha, significantly above untreated control.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield was recorded in T14 (37.52 q/ha), T1 (35.69 q/ha), and T7 (34.53 q/ha), significantly outperforming the untreated control (T15 = 6.87 q/ha)”
e1“A. squamosa 10 EC (methanolic extract, T7)”
t0“paddy”
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