Abstract
Abstract The study was conducted in one of the greenhouses, department of Plant Production Technologies, Shatrah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, during the winter agricultural season for the year 2023-2024. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of some plant extracts to combat powdery mildew on okra plants. The results indicated the spread of the disease on okra plants in all areas covered by the investigation. The highest infection rate was recorded in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, reaching 75.726%, with infection severity reaching 70.213%, while Basra Governorate recorded the lowest infection rate, reaching 61.383%, with infection severity reaching 59.166%. The results showed that the fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea was the main cause of the disease on okra plants, it was diagnosed based on the sexual and asexual phases, depends on the shape of the appendages in the fruiting body and the number of cysts it contains, as well as the shape of the spores and the formation of the germination tube, which were mostly consistent and where they appear, and the presence of fibrous bacilli in the conidia of mushrooms. Three plant extracts were used in the study: dandelion, henna and pomegranate. Test results showed the inhibitory activity of these extracts, all of them reduced the severity of the disease, the percentage of reduction varied from one extract to another. The study extract was superior to other plant extracts used in reducing the severity of the disease, the effect increased with increasing concentration, as the 30% concentration of the study extract achieved significant superiority over the other concentrations used in the experiment. The percentage of severity of infection with the pathogenic fungus (22.856%). The results showed that all treatments used in the study resulted in a significant reduction in disease reduction. Treatment with the chemical pesticide Topsin M gave the highest rate of disease reduction (77.446%), followed by treatment of the cinnamon’ aqueous extract (65.846%). The percentage in the two treatments of aqueous extract of henna and pomegranate was 61.153 and 58.003%, respectively. The treatments increased the total chlorophyll content of the leaves, the chemical pesticide treatment achieved the highest rate (11.646 mg). The rest of the parameters for the aqueous extract of cinnamon, henna, and pomegranate were 10.35, 9.196 and 8.263 mg, respectively, compared with the control treatment, which amounted to 5.74 mg. The results also showed that all treatments used increased the production rate and number of fruits of okra plants compared to the control treatment, the production rate (62.59 gm/plant) and the number of fruits (10.736 fruits/plant). The chemical pesticide treatment achieved the highest production rate of 490,306 g/plant and the number of fruits (78.263 fruits/plant), followed by treatment with the aqueous extract of the cinnamon with a production rate (405.27 gm/plant) and a number of fruits (63.13 fruits/plant), then treated the aqueous extract of henna and pomegranate respectively.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Powdery mildew occurred on okra across all investigated areas.
- Taxon
- Okra
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Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Outcome
- spread of the disease on okra plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“spread of the disease on okra plants in all areas covered by the investigation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Al-Qadisiyah had the highest infection rate, 75.726%.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- infection ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 75.726%e0
- Setting
- Al-Qadisiyah Governoratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“highest infection rate was recorded in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, reaching 75.726%”
Claim · model-written summary
Al-Qadisiyah infection severity reached 70.213%.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- infection severitye0
- Value
- 70.213%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“infection severity reaching 70.213%”
Claim · model-written summary
Basra had the lowest infection rate, 61.383%.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- infection ratee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 61.383%e0
- Setting
- Basra Governoratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“Basra Governorate recorded the lowest infection rate, reaching 61.383%”
Claim · model-written summary
Basra infection severity reached 59.166%.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- infection severitye0
- Value
- 59.166%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“infection severity reaching 59.166%”
Claim · model-written summary
Sphaerotheca fuliginea was identified as the main causal fungus of okra disease.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Interactor
- Sphaerotheca fuliginea
Podosphaera fuligineae0pathogen - Outcome
- main cause of the disease on okra plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea was the main cause of the disease on okra plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested plant extracts reduced disease severity.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- all of theme0
- Outcome
- severity of the diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“all of them reduced the severity of the disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing extract concentration increased the reported effect.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- increasing concentratione0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“effect increased with increasing concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The 30% extract concentration was significantly superior to other concentrations.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 30% concentration of the study extracte0
- Outcome
- superioritye0
- Direction
- superioritye0
- Comparator
- other concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“30% concentration of the study extract achieved significant superiority over the other concentrations used in the experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Topsin M gave 77.446% disease reduction, the highest rate.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- chemical pesticide Topsin Me0
- Outcome
- disease reductione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 77.446%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“chemical pesticide Topsin M gave the highest rate of disease reduction (77.446%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cinnamon aqueous extract gave 65.846% disease reduction.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- cinnamon’ aqueous extracte0
- Outcome
- treatment of the cinnamon’ aqueous extracte0
- Value
- 65.846%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“treatment of the cinnamon’ aqueous extract (65.846%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Henna aqueous extract gave 61.153% disease reduction.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- aqueous extract of hennae0
- Outcome
- aqueous extract of hennae0
- Value
- 61.153e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“aqueous extract of henna and pomegranate was 61.153 and 58.003%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate aqueous extract gave 58.003% disease reduction.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- pomegranatee0
- Outcome
- pomegranatee0
- Value
- 58.003%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“aqueous extract of henna and pomegranate was 61.153 and 58.003%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pesticide treatment had the highest leaf chlorophyll content, 11.646 mg.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- chemical pesticide treatmente0
- Outcome
- highest ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 11.646 mge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“chemical pesticide treatment achieved the highest rate (11.646 mg)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cinnamon extract treatment had leaf chlorophyll of 10.35 mg.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- aqueous extract of cinnamone0
- Outcome
- aqueous extract of cinnamone0
- Value
- 10.35e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“aqueous extract of cinnamon, henna, and pomegranate were 10.35, 9.196 and 8.263 mg, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Henna extract treatment had leaf chlorophyll of 9.196 mg.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- hennae0
- Outcome
- hennae0
- Value
- 9.196e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“aqueous extract of cinnamon, henna, and pomegranate were 10.35, 9.196 and 8.263 mg, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pomegranate extract treatment had leaf chlorophyll of 8.263 mg.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- pomegranatee0
- Outcome
- pomegranatee0
- Value
- 8.263 mge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“aqueous extract of cinnamon, henna, and pomegranate were 10.35, 9.196 and 8.263 mg, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments increased okra production and fruit number versus control.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- production rate and number of fruits of okra plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“all treatments used increased the production rate and number of fruits of okra plants compared to the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Pesticide treatment produced the highest production rate, 490,306 g/plant.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- chemical pesticide treatmente0
- Outcome
- production ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 490,306 g/plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“chemical pesticide treatment achieved the highest production rate of 490,306 g/plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Pesticide treatment produced 78.263 fruits per plant.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- number of fruitse0
- Value
- 78.263 fruits/plante0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)”
e0“number of fruits (78.263 fruits/plant)”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.