Abstract
Humic substances (HS) and light-emitting diode (LED) light applications have shown beneficial effects on plant growth, nutrition, and yield in various vegetable crops. However, their carryover effects on fruit yield and quality, when applied to the growing media before transplanting, have not been widely explored in tomatoes. This study evaluated tomato transplant growth in response to the application of solid HS (1% v/v, control) and varying LED light qualities [10 blue (B):90 red (R), 50B:50R, 100B, and fluorescent] in growth chamber conditions (25/19 °C, 16-hour days/8-hour nights, 100 µmol·m –2 ·s –1 photosynthetic photon flux density, 60% relative humidity), followed by a post-transplant study assessing fruit yield and quality. Round-type ‘Celebrity’ and cherry-type ‘Chadwick’ tomato seedlings were transplanted into 16-L pots 5 weeks after sowing (WAS), and fruit were harvested for 10 weeks. Transplant growth components measured at 5 WAS were significantly greater in seedlings treated with HS compared with control plants, including improved shoot and root dry weight, stem diameter, leaf area, and total root length and surface area. Seedlings grown under 50B:50R light showed a greater increase in shoot and root growth when treated with HS compared with other light treatment groups, whereas plants grown under 10B:90R light exhibited the greatest growth without HS. However, the enhanced seedling growth under HS and specific LED light treatments did not translate fully into increased fruit yield and quality after transplanting. There were no significant increases in fruit yield in response to HS application, except for ‘Chadwick’ under 50B:50R and 100B light. No clear correlation was observed between high-quality transplants and tomato quality traits, such as total soluble solids and secondary metabolites, although the 100B light treatment increased lycopene and total phenolic content. In conclusion, the application of HS to the transplant growing media, combined with specific LED wavelengths, particularly 50B:50R, enhanced shoot and root growth significantly in young tomato seedlings. However, these benefits largely diminished after transplanting and did not result consistently in increased fruit yield or quality.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
HS significantly improved shoot and root dry weight, stem diameter and leaf area of tomato transplants compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- HSe1
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weight, stem diameter, leaf areae1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Humic Substances and LED Lighting Improved Tomato Transplant Growth”
e1“Transplant growth components measured at 5 WAS were significantly greater in seedlings treated with HS compared with control plants, including improved shoot and root dry weight, stem diameter, leaf area, and total root length and surface area”
Claim · model-written summary
HS significantly improved total root length and surface area of tomato transplants compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HSe1
- Outcome
- total root length and surface areae1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Humic Substances and LED Lighting Improved Tomato Transplant Growth”
e1“Transplant growth components measured at 5 WAS were significantly greater in seedlings treated with HS compared with control plants, including improved shoot and root dry weight, stem diameter, leaf area, and total root length and surface area”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 50B:50R light, HS gave a greater increase in shoot and root growth of tomato seedlings than other light treatment groups.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50B:50R lighte2
- Outcome
- shoot and root growthe2
- Direction
- greater increasee2
- Comparator
- other light treatment groupse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Humic Substances and LED Lighting Improved Tomato Transplant Growth”
e2“Seedlings grown under 50B:50R light showed a greater increase in shoot and root growth when treated with HS compared with other light treatment groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 10B:90R light without HS, tomato seedlings had the greatest growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 10B:90R lighte3
- Outcome
- growthe3
- Direction
- greateste3
- Qualifier
- without HSe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Humic Substances and LED Lighting Improved Tomato Transplant Growth”
e3“whereas plants grown under 10B:90R light exhibited the greatest growth without HS”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced seedling growth under HS and LED treatments did not translate fully into increased fruit yield and quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HS and specific LED light treatmentse4
- Outcome
- fruit yield and qualitye4
- Direction
- did not translate fully into increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Humic Substances and LED Lighting Improved Tomato Transplant Growth”
e4“the enhanced seedling growth under HS and specific LED light treatments did not translate fully into increased fruit yield and quality after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
HS application gave no significant increase in tomato fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HS applicatione5
- Outcome
- fruit yielde5
- Direction
- no significant increasese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Humic Substances and LED Lighting Improved Tomato Transplant Growth”
e5“There were no significant increases in fruit yield in response to HS application, except for ‘Chadwick’ under 50B:50R and 100B light”
Claim · model-written summary
Chadwick tomato fruit yield increased under 50B:50R and 100B light with HS.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Chadwicke5
- Treatment
- 50B:50R and 100B lighte5
- Outcome
- fruit yielde5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Humic Substances and LED Lighting Improved Tomato Transplant Growth”
e5“There were no significant increases in fruit yield in response to HS application, except for ‘Chadwick’ under 50B:50R and 100B light”
Claim · model-written summary
No clear correlation was observed between high-quality transplants and tomato quality traits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high-quality transplantse6
- Outcome
- tomato quality traits, such as total soluble solids and secondary metabolitese6
- Direction
- No clear correlatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Humic Substances and LED Lighting Improved Tomato Transplant Growth”
e6“No clear correlation was observed between high-quality transplants and tomato quality traits, such as total soluble solids and secondary metabolites”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100B light treatment increased lycopene and total phenolic content of tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 100B light treatmente7
- Outcome
- lycopene and total phenolic contente7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Humic Substances and LED Lighting Improved Tomato Transplant Growth”
e7“although the 100B light treatment increased lycopene and total phenolic content”
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