Abstract
Growing conditions during transplant production influence seedling quality and performance, transplant establishment, and subsequent yield. The effects of spectra combinations of blue, red, and white light, generated by monochromic light-emitting diodes (LEDs), on physiological and morphological characteristics of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Kingston, and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), cv. California Wonder, seedlings were investigated. Tomato and pepper transplants treated with monochromic red, or combinations of red with blue light, produced greater stem diameter, whereas blue light alone, or in combination with red, reduced transplant height. In tomato the most lateral branches were produced on seedlings under blue light, but pepper transplants were not affected. The most leaf area in tomato and pepper transplants was obtained under monochromatic blue or red light, respectively. Proline, an important compound related to plant stress tolerance, was produced at the highest level under blue light in both plants. For tomato, red light alone or in combination with blue or white light reduced the number of leaves required before the first cluster. This occurred in pepper transplants when higher ratios of red light (up to 100%) were applied. For both plants rates of first cluster formation and first yield were higher when combinations of blue and red lights (regardless of their ratio) were used. The most vitamin C was in fruit produced on plants developed from transplants grown under blue light. Fruit total soluble solids were also higher in tomato plants developed from blue light–treated tomato seedlings. There appear to be beneficial effects due to exposure of plants during seedling development to light spectra that extends beyond transplanting. The effects of light spectra appear to be genus or species specific. The LED technology did not differ from other technologies and has merit for production of some vegetable seedlings.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Red light or red and blue combinations increased tomato and pepper stem diameter.
- Taxon
- Tomato and peppere0
- Treatment
- monochromic red, or combinations of red with blue lighte0
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tomato and pepper transplants treated with monochromic red, or combinations of red with blue light, produced greater stem diameter”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light alone or with red reduced transplant height.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“blue light alone, or in combination with red, reduced transplant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light produced the most lateral branches in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Outcome
- lateral branchese0
- Direction
- moste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato the most lateral branches were produced on seedlings under blue light”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper transplant lateral branching was not affected.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“pepper transplants were not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato leaf area was greatest under monochromatic blue light.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- monochromatic bluee0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- moste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most leaf area in tomato and pepper transplants was obtained under monochromatic blue or red light, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper leaf area was greatest under red light.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The most leaf area in tomato and pepper transplants was obtained under monochromatic blue or red light, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light gave the highest proline level in both plants.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Proline, an important compound related to plant stress tolerance, was produced at the highest level under blue light in both plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light alone or combined reduced leaves before tomato first cluster.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- red light alone or in combination with blue or white lighte0
- Outcome
- number of leaves required before the first clustere0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For tomato, red light alone or in combination with blue or white light reduced the number of leaves required before the first cluster”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher red light ratios reduced leaves before the first cluster in pepper.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“This occurred in pepper transplants when higher ratios of red light (up to 100%) were applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue and red combinations raised first cluster formation and first yield rates in both plants.
- Taxon
- both plantse0
- Treatment
- combinations of blue and red lightse0
- Outcome
- rates of first cluster formation and first yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“For both plants rates of first cluster formation and first yield were higher when combinations of blue and red lights (regardless of their ratio) were used”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light transplants produced fruit with the most vitamin C.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The most vitamin C was in fruit produced on plants developed from transplants grown under blue light”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit soluble solids were higher in tomato from blue light transplants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- blue light–treated tomato seedlingse0
- Outcome
- Fruit total soluble solidse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit total soluble solids were also higher in tomato plants developed from blue light–treated tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
LED technology did not differ from other technologies.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The LED technology did not differ from other technologies”
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