Abstract
Abstract Background Salinity is a major threat to rice growth and productivity. Utilizing wild rice-derived genes and biostimulants with high growth promoting- and stress-alleviating potential can significantly improve salinity tolerance in cultivated rice. Herein, we investigated the vegetative growth and physiological responses of Giza 177 ( Oryza sativa , salinity sensitive, high-yielding cultivar) and a promising introgression salt tolerant line ( sativa/glaberrima ; SG 65) from a population of Giza 177 × African rice ( Oryza glaberrima ) under low (2.75 mS/cm) and high (5.5 mS/cm) salinity stress. The possible ameliorative effects of priming rice seeds in moringa leaf extract (MLE) on these responses were also tested. Results The two salinity levels induced differential reduction in plant growth in both cultivars. In the MLE-unprimed plants, salinity induced 34–54% and 30–45% reductions in biomass accumulation in Giza 177 and SG 65, respectively. These responses were associated with significant differential reductions in relative water content, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and gas exchange parameters (transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO 2 concentration), ascorbic acid, and total protein. Conversely, salinity induced the accumulation of H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde, proline, carbohydrate fractions, and membrane injury. MLE treatment mitigated the above salinity-induced adverse effects in both cultivars via reducing the salt-induced oxidative stress through the induction of non-enzymic (total phenols, and flavonoids) and enzymic antioxidants including ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase in both cultivars. SG 65 plants exhibited consistently higher salt tolerance and responsiveness to MLE than Giza 177. Conclusions This study reports significant differences in an array of critical physiological and biochemical indices that underpin the divergent responses between the two salinized cultivars. It demonstrates the potential of African rice-derived genomic fragments and MLE priming in mitigating salinity stress, highlighting their use as a sustainable strategy for increasing rice production in salt-affected soils.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced biomass accumulation by 34–54% in unprimed Giza 177.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Giza 177e0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 34–54%e0
- Comparator
- MLE-unprimed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“In the MLE-unprimed plants, salinity induced 34–54% and 30–45% reductions in biomass accumulation in Giza 177 and SG 65, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced biomass accumulation by 30–45% in unprimed SG 65.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- SG 65e0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 30–45%e0
- Comparator
- MLE-unprimed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“In the MLE-unprimed plants, salinity induced 34–54% and 30–45% reductions in biomass accumulation in Giza 177 and SG 65, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced relative water content, chlorophylls, and carotenoids.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- relative water content, chlorophylls, carotenoidse1
- Direction
- reductionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“In the MLE-unprimed plants, salinity induced”
e1“significant differential reductions in relative water content, chlorophylls, carotenoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductancee1
- Direction
- reductionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“In the MLE-unprimed plants, salinity induced”
e1“significant differential reductions in relative water content, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and gas exchange parameters (transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO 2 concentration)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly reduced intercellular CO 2 concentration, ascorbic acid and total protein.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO 2 concentration), ascorbic acid, and total proteine1
- Direction
- reductionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“In the MLE-unprimed plants, salinity induced”
e1“significant differential reductions in relative water content, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and gas exchange parameters (transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO 2 concentration), ascorbic acid, and total protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and proline accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- accumulation of H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde, prolinee0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“salinity induced the accumulation of H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde, proline, carbohydrate fractions, and membrane injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased carbohydrate fractions and membrane injury.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- carbohydrate fractions, and membrane injurye0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“salinity induced the accumulation of H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde, proline, carbohydrate fractions, and membrane injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Moringa leaf extract mitigated the reported adverse salinity effects in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MLE treatmente0
- Outcome
- salinity-induced adverse effectse0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“MLE treatment mitigated the above salinity-induced adverse effects in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Moringa leaf extract induced total phenols and flavonoids in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MLE treatmente0
- Outcome
- total phenols, and flavonoidse0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“MLE treatment mitigated the above salinity-induced adverse effects in both cultivars via reducing the salt-induced oxidative stress through the induction of non-enzymic (total phenols, and flavonoids)”
Claim · model-written summary
Moringa leaf extract induced ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MLE treatmente0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidasee0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“MLE treatment mitigated the above salinity-induced adverse effects in both cultivars via reducing the salt-induced oxidative stress through the induction of non-enzymic (total phenols, and flavonoids) and enzymic antioxidants including ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Moringa leaf extract induced polyphenol oxidase in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MLE treatmente1
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidasee0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“the induction of non-enzymic (total phenols, and flavonoids) and enzymic antioxidants including ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase in both cultivars”
e1“MLE treatment mitigated”
Claim · model-written summary
SG 65 had consistently higher salt tolerance than Giza 177.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“SG 65 plants exhibited consistently higher salt tolerance and responsiveness to MLE than Giza 177.”
Claim · model-written summary
SG 65 responded more to moringa leaf extract than Giza 177.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- SG 65e0
- Outcome
- responsiveness to MLEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Giza 177e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cultivated rice through introgression”
e0“SG 65 plants exhibited consistently higher salt tolerance and responsiveness to MLE than Giza 177.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.