Abstract
This experiment evaluated the effects of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae, Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria, and Biochar on the characteristics of the root system, and yield of the cucumber plant, Cucumis sativus L.; for this purpose, experiment designed: the first factor is a combination of Mycorrhizae (M) at 35 g plant–1, Azotobacter (A) 15 ml plant–1 with a microbial density of 2.2, and three concentrations (0, 5, 10%) of Biochar sprayed on the plant. The results of the research demonstrated that using mycorrhizae, Azotobacter bacteria, and phosphate rock with half the mineral recommendation (MAR) and spraying Biochar at a concentration of 10% gave the highest rate of infection of the roots with mycorrhizae, amounting to 80%, and the highest dry weight of the root system reached 84.53 g. The highest number of total bacteria was 8.74 log Cfu g m–1 of soil, the highest plant height reached 375.0 cm, the highest dry weight of the shoot reached 101.66 g plant–1, and the highest yield for the greenhouse was 4.501 ton greenhouse–1, followed by the treatment of adding Mycorrhiza with phosphate rock and half the mineral recommendation (MR) with Biochar at a concentration of 10%, then treatment with the addition of mycorrhizae with Azotobacter bacteria with half the mineral recommendation (AR) with 10% of Biochar. It is possible to eliminate half of the mineral recommendation by using these fertilizers, reduce the harmful impact of pollution on the environment and enhance sustainability in agriculture.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The combined microbial, rock phosphate, reduced mineral fertilizer, and 10% biochar treatment maximized rate of infection of the roots with mycorrhizae.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- using mycorrhizae, Azotobacter bacteria, and phosphate rock with half the mineral recommendation (MAR) and spraying Biochar at a concentration of 10%e0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Azotobacter bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- rate of infection of the roots with mycorrhizaee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using mycorrhizae, Azotobacter bacteria, and phosphate rock with half the mineral recommendation (MAR) and spraying Biochar at a concentration of 10% gave the highest rate of infection of the roots with mycorrhizae, amounting to 80%, and the highest dry weight of the root system reached 84.53 g”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined microbial, rock phosphate, reduced mineral fertilizer, and 10% biochar treatment maximized dry weight of the root system.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- using mycorrhizae, Azotobacter bacteria, and phosphate rock with half the mineral recommendation (MAR) and spraying Biochar at a concentration of 10%e0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Azotobacter bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- dry weight of the root systeme0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 84.53 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using mycorrhizae, Azotobacter bacteria, and phosphate rock with half the mineral recommendation (MAR) and spraying Biochar at a concentration of 10% gave the highest rate of infection of the roots with mycorrhizae, amounting to 80%, and the highest dry weight of the root system reached 84.53 g”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment produced the highest number of total bacteria of 8.74 log Cfu g m–1 of soil.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Biochare1
- Outcome
- number of total bacteriae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8.74 log Cfu g m–1 of soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of total bacteria was 8.74 log Cfu g m–1 of soil, the highest plant height reached 375.0 cm, the highest dry weight of the shoot reached 101.66 g plant–1, and the highest yield for the greenhouse was 4.501 ton greenhouse–1”
t0“Cucumber”
e1“using mycorrhizae, Azotobacter bacteria, and phosphate rock with half the mineral recommendation (MAR) and spraying Biochar at a concentration of 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment produced the highest plant height of 375.0 cm.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Biochare1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 375.0 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of total bacteria was 8.74 log Cfu g m–1 of soil, the highest plant height reached 375.0 cm, the highest dry weight of the shoot reached 101.66 g plant–1, and the highest yield for the greenhouse was 4.501 ton greenhouse–1”
t0“Cucumber”
e1“using mycorrhizae, Azotobacter bacteria, and phosphate rock with half the mineral recommendation (MAR) and spraying Biochar at a concentration of 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment produced the highest dry weight of the shoot of 101.66 g plant–1.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Biochare1
- Outcome
- dry weight of the shoote0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 101.66 g plant–1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of total bacteria was 8.74 log Cfu g m–1 of soil, the highest plant height reached 375.0 cm, the highest dry weight of the shoot reached 101.66 g plant–1, and the highest yield for the greenhouse was 4.501 ton greenhouse–1”
t0“Cucumber”
e1“using mycorrhizae, Azotobacter bacteria, and phosphate rock with half the mineral recommendation (MAR) and spraying Biochar at a concentration of 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment produced the highest yield for the greenhouse of 4.501 ton greenhouse–1.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Biochare1
- Outcome
- yield for the greenhousee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.501 ton greenhouse–1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of total bacteria was 8.74 log Cfu g m–1 of soil, the highest plant height reached 375.0 cm, the highest dry weight of the shoot reached 101.66 g plant–1, and the highest yield for the greenhouse was 4.501 ton greenhouse–1”
t0“Cucumber”
e1“using mycorrhizae, Azotobacter bacteria, and phosphate rock with half the mineral recommendation (MAR) and spraying Biochar at a concentration of 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest replacing half the mineral recommendation with these fertilizers.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- eliminate half of the mineral recommendation by using these fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is possible to eliminate half of the mineral recommendation by using these fertilizers”
t0“Cucumber”
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