Abstract
BACKGROUND: Limited information is available about the effectiveness of biochar with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and compost. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar in combination with compost and PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens) for alleviating water deficit stress. Both inoculated and un-inoculated cucumber seeds were sown in soil treated with biochar, compost and biochar + compost. Three water levels - field capacity (D0), 75% field capacity (D1) and 50% field capacity (D2) - were maintained. RESULTS: The results showed that water deficit stress significantly suppressed the growth of cucumber; however, synergistic use of biochar, compost and PGPR mitigated the negative impact of stress. At D2, the synergistic use of biochar, compost and PGPR caused significant increases in shoot length, shoot biomass, root length and root biomass, which were respectively 88, 77, 89 and 74% more than in the un-inoculated control. Significant improvements in chlorophyll and relative water contents as well as reduction in leaf electrolyte leakage demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach. Moreover, the highest population of P. fluorescens was observed where biochar and compost were applied together. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that application of biochar with PGPR and/or compost could be an effective strategy for enhancing plant growth under stress. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit significantly suppressed cucumber growth.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- water deficit stresse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water deficit stress significantly suppressed the growth of cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments and PGPR increased shoot length by 88% at D2.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- biochar, compost and PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 88e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At D2, the synergistic use of biochar, compost and PGPR caused significant increases in shoot length, shoot biomass, root length and root biomass, which were respectively 88, 77, 89 and 74% more than in the un-inoculated control”
t0“cucumber”
t1“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments and PGPR increased shoot biomass by 77% at D2.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- biochar, compost and PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 77e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At D2, the synergistic use of biochar, compost and PGPR caused significant increases in shoot length, shoot biomass, root length and root biomass, which were respectively 88, 77, 89 and 74% more than in the un-inoculated control”
t0“cucumber”
t1“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments and PGPR increased root length by 89% at D2.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- biochar, compost and PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 89e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At D2, the synergistic use of biochar, compost and PGPR caused significant increases in shoot length, shoot biomass, root length and root biomass, which were respectively 88, 77, 89 and 74% more than in the un-inoculated control”
t0“cucumber”
t1“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined amendments and PGPR increased root biomass by 74% at D2.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- biochar, compost and PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 74%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At D2, the synergistic use of biochar, compost and PGPR caused significant increases in shoot length, shoot biomass, root length and root biomass, which were respectively 88, 77, 89 and 74% more than in the un-inoculated control”
t0“cucumber”
t1“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment improved chlorophyll and relative water contents.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- biochar, compost and PGPRe1
- Interactor
- PGPRe1symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and relative water contentse0
- Direction
- improvementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant improvements in chlorophyll and relative water contents as well as reduction in leaf electrolyte leakage”
t0“cucumber”
t1“cucumber”
e1“At D2, the synergistic use of biochar, compost and PGPR caused significant increases in shoot length, shoot biomass, root length and root biomass, which were respectively 88, 77, 89 and 74% more than in the un-inoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment reduced leaf electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- leaf electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction in leaf electrolyte leakage”
t0“cucumber”
t1“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens population was highest with biochar and compost together.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- biochar and composte0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont - Outcome
- population of P. fluorescense0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the highest population of P. fluorescens was observed where biochar and compost were applied together”
t0“cucumber”
t1“cucumber”
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