Abstract
Introduction Global food security is challenged by the increasing levels of air pollutants like ozone (O 3 ) through their impacts on crop productivity. The present study was conducted to quantify the interactive effect of elevated ozone (O 3 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), on different rice varieties in northern India. Methods An experiment was conducted in Genetic H field, Environment science, IARI for two consecutive years (2020 and 2021) during the kharif season, to quantify the impact of elevated O 3 and CO 2 interaction on productivity, and plant N in three rice varieties (Pusa basmati 1121, Nagina 22, IR64 Drt1) under different nitrogen (N) management practices. Rice crop was grown in Free Air Ozone-Carbon dioxide Enrichment rings (FAOCE) rings with two levels of O 3 (elevated 60 ±10ppb and ambient) and two levels of CO 2 (elevated, 550±25 ppm and ambient) concentration and their interaction with two N fertilizer treatments i.e., 100% RDN (recommended dose of N) and 125% RDN. Results and discussion Elevated O 3 significantly decreased physiological parameters like photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the crop. Grain yield reduced by 7.2-7.5%, in Pusa Basmati 1121 and from 6.9-9% in IR64 Drt1 varieties in elevated O 3 treatment as compared to ambient treatment. Yield reduction in Nagina 22 variety was not significant in elevated O 3 treatment. Elevated CO 2 concentration of 550 ppm was able to fully compensate the yield loss in Nagina 22 variety and partially compensate (3.9-8.0%) in Pusa Basmati 1121 and IR64 Drt1 varieties. Grain N concentration in rice varieties decreased by 10.8-14.7% during first year and by 7.8-20.6% during second year in elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatment than ambient. Grain N uptake also decreased (13.2-17.1% in first year and 4.5-22.8% in second year) in elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatment as compared to ambient. Application of additional 25% of recommended dose of N improved grain N concentration, grain N uptake as well as available N of soil as compared to 100% RDN treatment in elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatment. Additional 25% N dose could help in sustaining rice productivity and quality under elevated O 3 and CO 2 condition.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 significantly decreased photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of rice compared with ambient.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Elevated O 3e1
- Outcome
- photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration ratee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- ambiente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated O 3 significantly decreased physiological parameters like photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the crop”
e2“two levels of O 3 (elevated 60 ±10ppb and ambient)”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 reduced grain yield of Pusa Basmati 1121 by 7.2-7.5% compared with ambient treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pusa Basmati 1121e1
- Treatment
- elevated O 3e1
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 7.2-7.5%e1
- Comparator
- ambient treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grain yield reduced by 7.2-7.5%, in Pusa Basmati 1121 and from 6.9-9% in IR64 Drt1 varieties in elevated O 3 treatment as compared to ambient treatment”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 reduced grain yield of IR64 Drt1 by 6.9-9% compared with ambient treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR64 Drt1e1
- Treatment
- elevated O 3e1
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 6.9-9%e1
- Comparator
- ambient treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grain yield reduced by 7.2-7.5%, in Pusa Basmati 1121 and from 6.9-9% in IR64 Drt1 varieties in elevated O 3 treatment as compared to ambient treatment”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield reduction in Nagina 22 under elevated O3 was not significant compared with ambient.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Nagina 22e1
- Treatment
- elevated O 3e1
- Outcome
- Yield reductione1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- ambiente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Yield reduction in Nagina 22 variety was not significant in elevated O 3 treatment”
e2“as compared to ambient treatment”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 of 550 ppm fully compensated the yield loss of Nagina 22 under elevated O3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Nagina 22e1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2 concentration of 550 ppme1
- Outcome
- yield losse1
- Direction
- fully compensatee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO 2 concentration of 550 ppm was able to fully compensate the yield loss in Nagina 22 variety”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 of 550 ppm partially compensated the yield loss by 3.9-8.0% in Pusa Basmati 1121 and IR64 Drt1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pusa Basmati 1121 and IR64 Drt1e1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2 concentration of 550 ppme1
- Outcome
- yield losse1
- Direction
- partially compensatee1
- Value
- 3.9-8.0%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated CO 2 concentration of 550 ppm was able to fully compensate the yield loss in Nagina 22 variety and partially compensate (3.9-8.0%) in Pusa Basmati 1121 and IR64 Drt1 varieties”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Under elevated O3 plus CO2, grain N concentration of rice decreased by 10.8-14.7% in the first year compared with ambient.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatmente1
- Outcome
- Grain N concentratione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 10.8-14.7%e1
- Qualifier
- during first yeare1
- Comparator
- ambiente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grain N concentration in rice varieties decreased by 10.8-14.7% during first year and by 7.8-20.6% during second year in elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatment than ambient”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Under elevated O3 plus CO2, grain N concentration of rice decreased by 7.8-20.6% in the second year compared with ambient.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatmente1
- Outcome
- Grain N concentratione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 7.8-20.6%e1
- Qualifier
- during second yeare1
- Comparator
- ambiente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grain N concentration in rice varieties decreased by 10.8-14.7% during first year and by 7.8-20.6% during second year in elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatment than ambient”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Under elevated O3 plus CO2, grain N uptake of rice decreased by 13.2-17.1% in the first year compared with ambient.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatmente1
- Outcome
- Grain N uptakee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 13.2-17.1%e1
- Qualifier
- in first yeare1
- Comparator
- ambiente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grain N uptake also decreased (13.2-17.1% in first year and 4.5-22.8% in second year) in elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatment as compared to ambient”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Under elevated O3 plus CO2, grain N uptake of rice decreased by 4.5-22.8% in the second year compared with ambient.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatmente1
- Outcome
- Grain N uptakee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 4.5-22.8%e1
- Qualifier
- in second yeare1
- Comparator
- ambiente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grain N uptake also decreased (13.2-17.1% in first year and 4.5-22.8% in second year) in elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatment as compared to ambient”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional 25% N dose improved grain N concentration of rice compared with 100% RDN under elevated O3 plus CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- additional 25% of recommended dose of Ne1
- Outcome
- grain N concentratione1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- 100% RDN treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of additional 25% of recommended dose of N improved grain N concentration, grain N uptake as well as available N of soil as compared to 100% RDN treatment in elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatment”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional 25% N dose improved grain N uptake of rice compared with 100% RDN under elevated O3 plus CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- additional 25% of recommended dose of Ne1
- Outcome
- grain N uptakee1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- 100% RDN treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of additional 25% of recommended dose of N improved grain N concentration, grain N uptake as well as available N of soil as compared to 100% RDN treatment in elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatment”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional 25% N dose improved available N of soil compared with 100% RDN under elevated O3 plus CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- additional 25% of recommended dose of Ne1
- Outcome
- available N of soile1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- 100% RDN treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of additional 25% of recommended dose of N improved grain N concentration, grain N uptake as well as available N of soil as compared to 100% RDN treatment in elevated O 3 plus CO 2 interaction treatment”
t0“rice yield”
Claim · model-written summary
An additional 25% N dose could help sustain rice productivity and quality under elevated O3 and CO2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Additional 25% N dosee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Additional 25% N dose could help in sustaining rice productivity and quality”
t0“rice yield”
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