Abstract
In lead (Pb)-contaminated soil, inoculating phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to reduce the phytoavailability of Pb and to change the soil nutrients is an important way to inhibit the Pb uptake by plants. In this study, we isolated the native Pb-resistant Pantoea rwandensis from a tailings site. We employed broth culture and pot experiments to investigate the effect of the inoculation of P. rwandensis on Pb immobilization in the soil, the soil nutrients, the microbial community, and Pb accumulation in the biomass of maize (Zea mays L.). The results showed that P. rwandensis not only tolerated Pb2+ but also dissolved Ca3(PO4)2 by secreting oxalic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid, which significantly increased the amount of dissolved P, up to 567.50 mg.L-1. In the pot experiment, the application of culture filtrate, an inoculation with P. rwandensis, or a mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis increased the soil residual Pb by 49.57%, 89.81%, and 41.69%, respectively, compared to the control. Consequently, the increase in the residual Pb in the soil inhibited its uptake by maize, and an inoculation of P. rwandensis or a mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis decreased the accumulation of Pb in the shoot biomass of maize by 61.65% and 72.48% and in the roots of maize by 26.00% and 39.59%, respectively. Meanwhile, P. rwandensis and the mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis increased the shoot biomass of maize by 54.39% and 17.86% and the root biomass of maize by 108.77% and 17.86%, respectively. A P. rwandensis inoculation increased the biodiversity of the fungal community and the abundance of Proteobacteria, Mortierella, and Sphingomonas. Our results demonstrate that an inoculation with P. rwandensis could promote the transformation of Pb fractions and a functional change in the soil bacterial community, ultimately decreasing Pb accumulation in the biomass and promoting the development of maize.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
P. rwandensis tolerated Pb2+.
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- P. rwandensis not only tolerated Pb2+e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. rwandensis not only tolerated Pb2+”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
P. rwandensis dissolved Ca3(PO4)2 through secretion of four organic acids, increasing dissolved P to 567.50 mg.L-1.
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Compound
- oxalic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, and acetic acide0
- Outcome
- amount of dissolved Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 567.50 mg.L-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. rwandensis not only tolerated Pb2+ but also dissolved Ca3(PO4)2 by secreting oxalic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid, which significantly increased the amount of dissolved P, up to 567.50 mg.L-1”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Culture filtrate increased soil residual Pb by 49.57% versus control.
- Treatment
- culture filtratee0
- Outcome
- soil residual Pbe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 49.57%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of culture filtrate, an inoculation with P. rwandensis, or a mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis increased the soil residual Pb by 49.57%, 89.81%, and 41.69%, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
P. rwandensis inoculation increased soil residual Pb by 89.81% versus control.
- Treatment
- inoculation with P. rwandensise0
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil residual Pbe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 89.81%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of culture filtrate, an inoculation with P. rwandensis, or a mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis increased the soil residual Pb by 49.57%, 89.81%, and 41.69%, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The culture filtrate and P. rwandensis mixture increased soil residual Pb by 41.69%.
- Treatment
- mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensise0
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil residual Pbe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 41.69%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis increased the soil residual Pb by 49.57%, 89.81%, and 41.69%, respectively, compared to the control”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
P. rwandensis inoculation decreased Pb accumulation in maize shoots by 61.65%.
- Treatment
- inoculation of P. rwandensise0
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- accumulation of Pb in the shoot biomass of maizee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 61.65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an inoculation of P. rwandensis or a mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis decreased the accumulation of Pb in the shoot biomass of maize by 61.65% and 72.48% and in the roots of maize by 26.00% and 39.59%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture decreased Pb accumulation in maize shoots by 72.48%.
- Treatment
- mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensise0
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- accumulation of Pb in the shoot biomass of maizee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 72.48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis decreased the accumulation of Pb in the shoot biomass of maize by 61.65% and 72.48%”
Claim · model-written summary
P. rwandensis inoculation decreased Pb accumulation in maize roots by 26.00%.
- Treatment
- inoculation of P. rwandensise0
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- roots of maizee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 26.00%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an inoculation of P. rwandensis or a mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis decreased the accumulation of Pb in the shoot biomass of maize by 61.65% and 72.48% and in the roots of maize by 26.00% and 39.59%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture decreased Pb accumulation in maize roots by 39.59%.
- Treatment
- mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensise0
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- roots of maizee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 39.59%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis decreased the accumulation of Pb in the shoot biomass of maize by 61.65% and 72.48% and in the roots of maize by 26.00% and 39.59%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
P. rwandensis increased maize shoot biomass by 54.39%.
- Treatment
- P. rwandensise0
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot biomass of maizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 54.39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. rwandensis and the mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis increased the shoot biomass of maize by 54.39% and 17.86%”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture increased maize shoot biomass by 17.86%.
- Treatment
- mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensise0
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot biomass of maizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.86%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis increased the shoot biomass of maize by 54.39% and 17.86%”
Claim · model-written summary
P. rwandensis increased maize root biomass by 108.77%.
- Treatment
- P. rwandensise0
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- root biomass of maizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 108.77%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. rwandensis and the mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis increased the shoot biomass of maize by 54.39% and 17.86% and the root biomass of maize by 108.77% and 17.86%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture increased maize root biomass by 17.86%.
- Treatment
- mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensise0
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- root biomass of maizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.86%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mixture of culture filtrate and P. rwandensis increased the shoot biomass of maize by 54.39% and 17.86% and the root biomass of maize by 108.77% and 17.86%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
P. rwandensis inoculation increased fungal community biodiversity.
- Treatment
- P. rwandensis inoculatione0
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- biodiversity of the fungal communitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A P. rwandensis inoculation increased the biodiversity of the fungal community”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
P. rwandensis inoculation increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Mortierella and Sphingomonas.
- Treatment
- P. rwandensis inoculatione0
- Interactor
- P. rwandensisPantoea rwandensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- abundance of Proteobacteria, Mortierella, and Sphingomonase0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A P. rwandensis inoculation increased the biodiversity of the fungal community and the abundance of Proteobacteria, Mortierella, and Sphingomonas”
t0“maize”
The same questions in other papers
pathogen product · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →pathogen product · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →inoculation · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
36 papers more in this group
See all 40 papers →inoculation · soil: biology · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
61 papers more in this group
See all 65 papers →inoculation · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
287 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
302 papers more in this group
See all 306 papers →inoculation · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
634 papers in the same direction as this paper · 61 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
695 papers more in this group
See all 699 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.