Abstract
Whole crop corn silage may be prone to spoilage after exposure to air. To investigate control of fermentation and aerobic spoilage by using silage additives, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus buchneri were added to whole crop corn silage, and shifts in microbial communities were examined. Bacterial and fungal communities were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis at the time of opening the silo and after conducting aerobic deterioration tests. Inoculation of L. rhamnosus did not affect fermentation, whereas that of L. buchneri decreased the lactic acid content and increased the acetic acid content. Aerobic stability was enhanced in silage stored for a long period (120 days), with increases in the acetic acid content even without L. buchneri inoculation. A high aerobic stability was achieved with a shorter ensiling period (56 days) in L. buchneri-inoculated silage. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation did not alter the indigenous bacterial community, and the inoculated species were detected only as additions. Lactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus parvulus, Weissella confusa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found in both the pre-ensiled crop and the silage, whereas Weissella paramesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus lactis were seen exclusively after ensiling. Inoculation also had little effect on the fungal community during the fermentation process. Candida magnolia, Cryptococcus flavus and Candida intermedia were detected, both in the pre-ensiled crop and the silage, whereas Candida glabrata and Candida quercitrusa were identified exclusively in the silage. Marked changes were seen in the fungal community after aerobic spoilage; Saccharomyces exiguus, Saccharomyces martiniae, Pichia fermentans, Pichia deserticola and Pichia kudriavzevii appeared in the spoiled silage. These results indicated that LAB inoculation produces few changes in bacterial and fungal communities in corn silage and that substantial changes occur in the fungal community when the silage is spoiled.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
L. rhamnosus inoculation did not affect silage fermentation.
- Taxon
- whole crop corne1
- Treatment
- Inoculation of L. rhamnosuse0
- Interactor
- L. rhamnosus
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosuse0symbiont - Outcome
- fermentatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of L. rhamnosus did not affect fermentation”
e1“whole crop corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
L. buchneri inoculation decreased lactic acid content.
- Taxon
- whole crop corne1
- Treatment
- L. buchnerie0
- Interactor
- L. buchnerie0symbiont
- Outcome
- lactic acid contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“that of L. buchneri decreased the lactic acid content and increased the acetic acid content”
e1“whole crop corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
L. buchneri inoculation increased acetic acid content.
- Taxon
- whole crop corne1
- Treatment
- L. buchnerie0
- Interactor
- L. buchnerie0symbiont
- Outcome
- acetic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“that of L. buchneri decreased the lactic acid content and increased the acetic acid content”
e1“whole crop corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Long storage for 120 days enhanced aerobic stability even without L. buchneri inoculation.
- Taxon
- whole crop corne1
- Treatment
- stored for a long period (120 days)e0
- Outcome
- Aerobic stabilitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- even without L. buchneri inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Aerobic stability was enhanced in silage stored for a long period (120 days), with increases in the acetic acid content even without L. buchneri inoculation.”
e1“whole crop corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Long storage increased acetic acid content even without L. buchneri inoculation.
- Taxon
- whole crop corne1
- Treatment
- stored for a long period (120 days)e0
- Outcome
- acetic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Aerobic stability was enhanced in silage stored for a long period (120 days), with increases in the acetic acid content even without L. buchneri inoculation.”
e1“whole crop corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
L. buchneri inoculation achieved high aerobic stability after 56 days of ensiling.
- Taxon
- whole crop corne1
- Treatment
- L. buchneri-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- L. buchnerie0symbiont
- Outcome
- aerobic stabilitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- shorter ensiling period (56 days)e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“A high aerobic stability was achieved with a shorter ensiling period (56 days) in L. buchneri-inoculated silage.”
e1“whole crop corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactic acid bacterial inoculation did not alter the indigenous bacterial community.
- Taxon
- whole crop corne1
- Treatment
- Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculatione0
- Outcome
- indigenous bacterial communitye0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation did not alter the indigenous bacterial community”
e1“whole crop corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
The inoculated species were detected only as additions to the silage bacterial community.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the inoculated species were detected only as additions”
e1“whole crop corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Four bacterial taxa were present both before ensiling and in the silage.
- Taxon
- crope0
- Outcome
- Lactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus parvulus, Weissella confusa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found in both the pre-ensiled crop and the silagee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Lactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus parvulus, Weissella confusa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found in both the pre-ensiled crop and the silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Three bacterial taxa were seen exclusively after ensiling.
- Taxon
- whole crop corne1
- Outcome
- Weissella paramesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus lactis were seen exclusively after ensilinge0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Weissella paramesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus lactis were seen exclusively after ensiling”
e1“whole crop corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation had little effect on the fungal community during fermentation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation also had little effect on the fungal community during the fermentation process.”
e1“whole crop corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Three fungal taxa were detected before ensiling and in silage.
- Taxon
- crope0
- Outcome
- Candida magnolia, Cryptococcus flavus and Candida intermedia were detected, both in the pre-ensiled crop and the silagee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Candida magnolia, Cryptococcus flavus and Candida intermedia were detected, both in the pre-ensiled crop and the silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Two fungal taxa occurred exclusively in silage.
- Taxon
- whole crop corne1
- Outcome
- Candida glabrata and Candida quercitrusa were identified exclusively in the silagee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Candida glabrata and Candida quercitrusa were identified exclusively in the silage”
e1“whole crop corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Five fungal taxa appeared in spoiled silage.
- Taxon
- whole crop corne1
- Outcome
- Saccharomyces exiguus, Saccharomyces martiniae, Pichia fermentans, Pichia deserticola and Pichia kudriavzevii appeared in the spoiled silagee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Saccharomyces exiguus, Saccharomyces martiniae, Pichia fermentans, Pichia deserticola and Pichia kudriavzevii appeared in the spoiled silage”
e1“whole crop corn silage”
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See all 65 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.