Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) negatively affects plant growth and reduces yields in replanted orchards. In this study, biochar and humic acid were applied to apple replant soil. We aimed to investigate whether biochar and humic acid could promote plant growth and alleviate apple replant disease by reducing the growth of harmful soil microorganisms, changing soil microbial community structure, and improving the soil environment. This experiment included five treatments: apple replant soil (CK), apple replant soil with methyl bromide fumigation (FM), replant soil with biochar addition (2 %), replant soil with humic acid addition (1.5 ‰), and replant soil with biochar combined with humic acid. Seedling biomass, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves and roots, and soil environmental variables were measured. Microbial community composition and structure were analyzed using ITS gene sequencing. Biochar and humic acid significantly reduced the abundance of Fusarium and promoted the recovery of replant soil microbial communities. Biochar and humic acid also increased the soil enzymes activity (urease, invertase, neutral phosphatase, and catalase), the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase), and root indexes of apple seedlings increased in replant soil. In sum, We can use biochar combined with humic acid to alleviate apple replant disease. • Biochar and humic acid could reduce Fusarium which causes the apple replant disease (ARD). • T application obviously increased soil microbial diversity and richness, and regulated fungal community structure in replant soil. • The addition of biochar and humic acid significantly increased the apple seedlings growth and alleviate the ARD.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and humic acid reduced Fusarium abundance.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- Biochar and humic acide0
- Outcome
- abundance of Fusariume0
- Direction
- reducede0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar and humic acid significantly reduced the abundance of Fusarium”
e1“root indexes of apple seedlings increased in replant soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and humic acid promoted replant-soil microbial community recovery.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Biochar and humic acide0
- Outcome
- recovery of replant soil microbial communitiese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar and humic acid significantly reduced the abundance of Fusarium and promoted the recovery of replant soil microbial communities”
e1“root indexes of apple seedlings increased in replant soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and humic acid increased four soil enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Biochar and humic acide0
- Outcome
- soil enzymes activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar and humic acid also increased the soil enzymes activity (urease, invertase, neutral phosphatase, and catalase)”
e1“root indexes of apple seedlings increased in replant soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and humic acid increased apple seedling height, fresh weight and dry weight.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Biochar and humic acide1
- Outcome
- plant height, fresh weight, dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase), and root indexes of apple seedlings increased in replant soil”
e1“Biochar and humic acid also increased the soil enzymes activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and humic acid increased apple antioxidant enzyme activity and root indexes.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Biochar and humic acide1
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase), and root indexes of apple seedlings increased in replant soil”
e1“Biochar and humic acid also increased the soil enzymes activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combined biochar and humic acid to alleviate apple replant disease.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- use biochar combined with humic acid to alleviate apple replant diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We can use biochar combined with humic acid to alleviate apple replant disease”
The same questions in other papers
biochar · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
other · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
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See all 20 papers →other · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
biochar · soil: biology · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
other · physiology: enzyme activity · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
other · soil: biology · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
biochar · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.