Abstract
Weevil infestations cause post-harvest losses and have become important constraints to storage entomology and food security in Nigeria. The present study is aimed at assessing the efficacy of Azadirachta indica-treated storage materials against Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae. Storage materials such as bagco bags, calico bags, and plastic containers were treated with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5mg/ml) of A. indica oil. Untreated storage materials served as the control. These treatments were replicated three times following a completely randomized design in the laboratory and monitored for 100 days. The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in weight loss of infested maize and rice grains with different concentrations of the extract and with the different storage materials compared to the control. The highest weight loss among the treatment concentrations across all the storage materials treated with Azadirachta indica was recorded for rice grains stored in calico bags at 0.5mg/ml with mean value of 10.61±0.37 and7.12±1.41 for maize grains, while the least value of 1.14±0.09 was recorded for rice grains stored in plastic containers at 1.5mg/ml and 0.75±0.21 was recorded for maize grains stored in plastic containers at 1.5mg/ml. there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in mortality of S. zeamais and S. oryzae with increased concentrations of the extracts compared to the control. There was no significant increase in mortality of S. zeamais and S. oryzae compared with the storage materials. The highest mortality for S. oryzae 8.00±0.58 was seen in rice grains stored in plastic containers at 0.5mg/ml concentration and least mortality 4.00±0.58 was seen in those stored in bagco bag at 1.0mg/ml concentration. For S. zeamais, there was no significant increase on the mortality of S. oryzae between 0.5mg/ml and 1.0mg/ml concentrations in A. indica treated bagco bags and between 1.0mg/ml and 1.5mg/ml concentrations in A. indica treated plastic containers. S. oryzae in maize grains stored in plastic containers at 1.0mg/ml had the highest mortality 9.00±1.53 and the least mortality (3.00±0.00) was recorded for S. zeamais in maize grains stored in calico bag at 0.5mg/ml of A. indica treated materials. Results of the storage materials (Bagco bag, Calico bag, and Plastic container) treated with Azadirachta indica leaves extract showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in adult emergence of S. zeamais and S. oryzae in the different concentrations of extracts compared to the control. There was no significant decrease among the A. indica treated storage materials for S. zeamais and S. oryzae emergence. The highest S.oryzae emergence in A. indica treated bags was recorded for S. oryzae stored in Bagco bag at 1.0mg/ml with mean value of 177.67±9.21 and the least value of 107.33±3.76 was recorded for S. oryzae infesting rice grains stored in plastic containers at 1.5mg/ml. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the number of holes bored by S. zeamais and S. oryzae in maize and rice grains treated with Azadirachta indica leaf extract compared to control across various concentrations and storage materials. The highest number of holes bored by S oryzae 390.00±28.22 in infested rice grains was recorded in Calico bag at 0.5mg/ml concentration and the least was recorded in plastic containers at 1.5mg/ml concentration (134.67±11.26). Similar trends were observed with Weevil perforative index and percentage damage. The study concludes that bagco bags treated with A. indica at 1.5mg/ml are more effective for protection of maize and rice grains in storage.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Neem-treated storage materials decreased weight loss in infested maize and rice grains relative to controls.
- Taxon
- maize and rice grains
Oryza sativa
Zea mayse0 - Treatment
- different concentrations of the extracte0
- Outcome
- weight losse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in weight loss of infested maize and rice grains with different concentrations of the extract and with the different storage materials compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice in calico bags at 0.5mg/ml had the highest treated-grain weight loss, 10.61±0.37.
- Taxon
- rice grainsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- calico bags at 0.5mg/mle0
- Outcome
- weight losse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10.61±0.37e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest weight loss among the treatment concentrations across all the storage materials treated with Azadirachta indica was recorded for rice grains stored in calico bags at 0.5mg/ml with mean value of 10.61±0.37 and7.12±1.41 for maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize in calico bags at 0.5mg/ml had weight loss of 7.12±1.41.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest weight loss among the treatment concentrations across all the storage materials treated with Azadirachta indica was recorded for rice grains stored in calico bags at 0.5mg/ml with mean value of 10.61±0.37 and7.12±1.41 for maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice in plastic containers at 1.5mg/ml had the least weight loss, 1.14±0.09.
- Taxon
- rice grainsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- plastic containers at 1.5mg/mle0
- Outcome
- weight losse1
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 1.14±0.09e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the least value of 1.14±0.09 was recorded for rice grains stored in plastic containers at 1.5mg/ml”
e1“significant decrease (p<0.05) in weight loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize in plastic containers at 1.5mg/ml had weight loss of 0.75±0.21.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0.75±0.21 was recorded for maize grains stored in plastic containers at 1.5mg/ml”
e1“significant decrease (p<0.05) in weight loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing extract concentration significantly increased S. zeamais mortality.
- Taxon
- S. zeamais
Sitophilus zeamaise0 - Treatment
- increased concentrations of the extractse0
- Interactor
- S. zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise0pest
- Outcome
- mortality of S. zeamaise0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in mortality of S. zeamais and S. oryzae with increased concentrations of the extracts compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing extract concentration significantly increased S. oryzae mortality.
- Taxon
- S. oryzae
Sitophilus oryzaee0 - Treatment
- increased concentrations of the extractse0
- Interactor
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in mortality of S. zeamais and S. oryzae with increased concentrations of the extracts compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Weevil mortality did not differ significantly among storage materials.
- Taxon
- S. zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise0
- Outcome
- mortality of S. zeamais and S. oryzaee0
- Direction
- no significant increasee0
- Setting
- storage materialse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant increase in mortality of S. zeamais and S. oryzae compared with the storage materials”
Claim · model-written summary
S. oryzae mortality reached 8.00±0.58 in rice in plastic containers at 0.5mg/ml.
- Taxon
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0
- Treatment
- plastic containers at 0.5mg/mle0
- Interactor
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0pest
- Outcome
- mortality for S. oryzaee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8.00±0.58e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest mortality for S. oryzae 8.00±0.58 was seen in rice grains stored in plastic containers at 0.5mg/ml concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
S. oryzae mortality was lowest at 4.00±0.58 in rice in bagco bags at 1.0mg/ml.
- Taxon
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee1
- Treatment
- bagco bag at 1.0mg/mle0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 4.00±0.58e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“least mortality 4.00±0.58 was seen in those stored in bagco bag at 1.0mg/ml concentration”
e1“The highest mortality for S. oryzae”
Claim · model-written summary
S. oryzae mortality did not differ between 0.5 and 1.0mg/ml in treated bagco bags or 1.0 and 1.5mg/ml in plastic containers.
- Taxon
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0
- Treatment
- A. indica treated bagco bagse0
- Outcome
- mortality of S. oryzaee0
- Direction
- no significant increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant increase on the mortality of S. oryzae between 0.5mg/ml and 1.0mg/ml concentrations in A. indica treated bagco bags and between 1.0mg/ml and 1.5mg/ml concentrations in A. indica treated plastic containers”
Claim · model-written summary
S. oryzae mortality in maize in plastic containers at 1.0mg/ml reached 9.00±1.53.
- Taxon
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0
- Treatment
- plastic containers at 1.0mg/mle0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.00±1.53e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. oryzae in maize grains stored in plastic containers at 1.0mg/ml had the highest mortality 9.00±1.53”
Claim · model-written summary
S. zeamais mortality in maize in calico bags at 0.5mg/ml was lowest at 3.00±0.00.
- Taxon
- S. zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise0
- Treatment
- calico bag at 0.5mg/mle0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 3.00±0.00e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the least mortality (3.00±0.00) was recorded for S. zeamais in maize grains stored in calico bag at 0.5mg/ml”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem-treated materials reduced S. zeamais adult emergence relative to controls.
- Taxon
- S. zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise0
- Treatment
- Azadirachta indica leaves extracte0
- Outcome
- adult emergence of S. zeamaise0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treated with Azadirachta indica leaves extract showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in adult emergence of S. zeamais and S. oryzae in the different concentrations of extracts compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem-treated materials reduced S. oryzae adult emergence relative to controls.
- Taxon
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0
- Treatment
- Azadirachta indica leaves extracte0
- Outcome
- adult emergencee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treated with Azadirachta indica leaves extract showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in adult emergence of S. zeamais and S. oryzae in the different concentrations of extracts compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Adult emergence did not significantly differ among neem-treated storage materials.
- Taxon
- S. zeamaisSitophilus zeamaise0
- Outcome
- S. zeamais and S. oryzae emergencee0
- Direction
- no significant decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant decrease among the A. indica treated storage materials for S. zeamais and S. oryzae emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
S. oryzae emergence was highest at 177.67±9.21 in bagco bags at 1.0mg/ml.
- Taxon
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0
- Treatment
- Bagco bag at 1.0mg/mle0
- Outcome
- S.oryzae emergencee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 177.67±9.21e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest S.oryzae emergence in A. indica treated bags was recorded for S. oryzae stored in Bagco bag at 1.0mg/ml with mean value of 177.67±9.21”
Claim · model-written summary
S. oryzae emergence was lowest at 107.33±3.76 in rice in plastic containers at 1.5mg/ml.
- Taxon
- S. oryzaeSitophilus oryzaee0
- Treatment
- plastic containers at 1.5mg/mle0
- Outcome
- emergencee1
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 107.33±3.76e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the least value of 107.33±3.76 was recorded for S. oryzae infesting rice grains stored in plastic containers at 1.5mg/ml”
e1“The highest S.oryzae emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem-treated materials reduced holes bored in maize and rice grain relative to controls.
- Taxon
- maize and rice grainsOryza sativaZea mayse0
- Treatment
- Azadirachta indica leaf extracte0
- Outcome
- number of holes borede0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the number of holes bored by S. zeamais and S. oryzae in maize and rice grains treated with Azadirachta indica leaf extract compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagco bags treated with neem at 1.5mg/ml were judged most effective for protecting stored maize and rice.
- Taxon
- maize and rice grainsOryza sativaZea mayse0
- Treatment
- bagco bags treated with A. indica at 1.5mg/mle0
- Outcome
- protection of maize and rice grains in storagee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study concludes that bagco bags treated with A. indica at 1.5mg/ml are more effective for protection of maize and rice grains in storage”
The same questions in other papers
Azadirachta indica · pest · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →Azadirachta indica · pest · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
13 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →botanical · quality: postharvest · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →botanical · quality: postharvest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →botanical · pest · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
77 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
82 papers more in this group
See all 86 papers →botanical · pest · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
77 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
86 papers more in this group
See all 90 papers →botanical · pest · Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
botanical · pest · Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.