Abstract
Abstract The ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is widely used in the apple industry as a post-harvest fumigation application to slow down the ripening process and maintain fruit quality during storage. With the development of a sprayable formulation (Harvista™, Agrofresh Inc, USA), it is becoming increasingly common in the apple industry to apply 1-MCP as a pre-harvest spray. This study investigated the impact of pre-harvest 1-MCP applied 1 week prior to harvest as a foliar application at 11.4 L ha −1 in 1000 L water, on the quality and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apples grown in the Huon Valley, Southern Tasmania, Australia. Two trials were undertaken, trial 1 examined fruit quality, flesh browning (FB) and fruit softening in 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit while trial 2 compared the respiration rate of 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit. Despite no effect on fresh fruit quality attributes, pre-harvest spray application of 1-MCP influenced post-harvest fruit quality, storability, and respiration rate of apples. Fruit treated with 1-MCP showed higher malic acid concentration (1.2 g L −1 vs 0.9 g L −1 ) and lower juice pH (4.6 vs 4.9) even after 7.5 months of regular air cold-storage along with a six-fold reduction in fruit softening in comparison to untreated fruit (2% vs 13%). Pre-harvest treatment of 1-MCP reduced respiration rate by 32%, and incidence of CO 2 injury by over 40%. The incidence of radial type (senescent related) FB was reduced by 100%. A significant proportion of treated apples still suffered from severe CO 2 injury. This study has demonstrated that pre-harvest application of 1-MCP to ‘Scilate’ fruit can be useful in maintaining long-term fruit quality during storage, reducing respiration rate, and lowering the incidence of FB in general. However, the risk of severe CO 2 injury remains, especially with larger fruit harvested from trees with lighter crop loads.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest 1-MCP had no effect on fresh fruit quality attributes.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- ‘Scilate’t0
- Treatment
- pre-harvest spray application of 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- fresh fruit quality attributese0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite no effect on fresh fruit quality attributes, pre-harvest spray application of 1-MCP influenced post-harvest fruit quality, storability, and respiration rate of apples.”
t0“fruit quality, physiological disorders and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest 1-MCP changed malic acid concentration after cold storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Scilate’t0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- malic acid concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.2 g L −1e0
- Qualifier
- 0.9 g L −1e0
- Comparator
- untreated fruite0
- Setting
- regular air cold-storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit treated with 1-MCP showed higher malic acid concentration (1.2 g L −1 vs 0.9 g L −1 ) and lower juice pH (4.6 vs 4.9) even after 7.5 months of regular air cold-storage along with a six-fold reduction in fruit softening in comparison to untreated fruit (2% vs 13%).”
t0“fruit quality, physiological disorders and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest 1-MCP changed juice pH after cold storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Scilate’t0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- juice pHe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 4.6e0
- Qualifier
- 4.9e0
- Comparator
- untreated fruite0
- Setting
- regular air cold-storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit treated with 1-MCP showed higher malic acid concentration (1.2 g L −1 vs 0.9 g L −1 ) and lower juice pH (4.6 vs 4.9) even after 7.5 months of regular air cold-storage along with a six-fold reduction in fruit softening in comparison to untreated fruit (2% vs 13%).”
t0“fruit quality, physiological disorders and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest 1-MCP changed fruit softening after cold storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Scilate’t0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- fruit softeninge0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 2%e0
- Qualifier
- 13%e0
- Comparator
- untreated fruite0
- Setting
- regular air cold-storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit treated with 1-MCP showed higher malic acid concentration (1.2 g L −1 vs 0.9 g L −1 ) and lower juice pH (4.6 vs 4.9) even after 7.5 months of regular air cold-storage along with a six-fold reduction in fruit softening in comparison to untreated fruit (2% vs 13%).”
t0“fruit quality, physiological disorders and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest 1-MCP reduced respiration rate.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Scilate’t0
- Treatment
- Pre-harvest treatment of 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- respiration ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 32%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-harvest treatment of 1-MCP reduced respiration rate by 32%, and incidence of CO 2 injury by over 40%.”
t0“fruit quality, physiological disorders and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest 1-MCP reduced incidence of CO 2 injury.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Scilate’t0
- Treatment
- Pre-harvest treatment of 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- incidence of CO 2 injurye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- over 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-harvest treatment of 1-MCP reduced respiration rate by 32%, and incidence of CO 2 injury by over 40%.”
t0“fruit quality, physiological disorders and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Radial flesh browning incidence was reduced by 100%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Scilate’t0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe1
- Outcome
- incidence of radial type (senescent related) FBe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incidence of radial type (senescent related) FB was reduced by 100%.”
e1“Pre-harvest treatment of 1-MCP”
t0“fruit quality, physiological disorders and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apple”
Claim · model-written summary
A substantial proportion of treated apples still had severe CO2 injury.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- treatede0
- Outcome
- severe CO 2 injurye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant proportion of treated apples still suffered from severe CO 2 injury.”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe CO2 injury risk remains especially for larger fruit from trees with lighter crop loads.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- risk of severe CO 2 injurye0
- Qualifier
- larger fruit harvested from trees with lighter crop loadse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the risk of severe CO 2 injury remains, especially with larger fruit harvested from trees with lighter crop loads.”
t0“fruit quality, physiological disorders and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apple”
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